柑橘园土壤与叶片养分对“红美人”果实品质的影响

Effects of soil and leaf nutrients in citrus orchard on fruit quality of ‘Hongmeiren'

为探明土壤及叶片养分对“红美人”果实品质的影响效应,对浙江省宁波市象山县33个“红美人”果园土壤、叶片养分和果实品质进行测定及评价,通过多元统计分析筛选影响其果实品质的主要土壤及叶片养分因子,明确果实品质、土壤及叶片养分之间的相关性。研究结果表明,调查果园中土壤pH处于偏酸性环境,平均值为5.41,土壤养分总体偏高。其中,有效铁、有效锰、有效铜、有效锌、有效磷、速效钾、交换性钙、交换性镁、全氮、全磷和全钾含量平均值超出适宜范围;同时,叶片中铁、锰和氮含量均值亦高于适宜范围,而钾和钙含量则低于适宜范围。果实品质是多个土壤及叶片养分因子综合作用的结果,果实可溶性固形物含量与土壤中有效锰和碱解氮含量呈正相关性,相关系数分别为0.55和0.45;果肉紧实度与土壤中有效锌、有效磷、全磷和碱解氮含量呈负相关性,相关系数分别为-0.83、-0.79、-0.50和-0.51;果肉酸度与叶片中钾和磷含量亦存在相关性,相关系数分别为-0.63和-0.50。逐步回归分析获得了影响“红美人”叶片中氮、磷、镁、锰、铜和锌含量的主要土壤养分因子。因此,针对上述果园土壤进行酸碱度调节,增施生理碱性有机肥等将作为后续土壤管理的关键。

In order to explore the effects of soil and leaf nutrients on fruit quality of'Hongmeiren',the soil,leaf nutrients and fruit quality of 33'Hongmeiren'orchards in Xiangshan county,Ningbo city were measured and evaluated.The main soil and leaf nutrient factors affecting fruit quality were screened by multivariate statistical analysis,and the correlation between fruit quality,soil and leaf nutrients was clarified.The results showed that the soil pH in the investigated orchard was in a slightly acidic environment,the average was 5.41,and the soil nutrients were generally high.Among them,the average contents of available iron,available manganese,available copper,available zinc,available phosphorus,available potassium,exchangeable calcium,exchangeable magnesium,total nitrogen,total phosphorus and total potassium were beyond the suitable range;additionally,the contents of iron,manganese and nitrogen in leaves were also higher than the suitable range,while the contents of potassium and calcium were lower than the suitable range.The fruit quality is the result of the comprehensive effect of multiple soil and leaf nutrient factors.The soluble solid content of fruit was positively correlated with the content of available manganese and effective nitrogen in soil,and the coefficients were 0.55 and 0.45,respectively.Pulp compactness was negatively correlated with the content of available zinc,available phosphorus,total phosphorus and effective nitrogen in soil,and the correlation coefficients were-0.83,-0.79,-0.50 and-0.51,respectively.The acidity of pulp was also correlated with the content of potassium and phosphorus in leaves,and the correlation coefficients were-0.63 and-0.50,respectively.The main soil nutrient factors affecting the contents of nitrogen,phosphorus,magnesium,manganese,copper and zinc in leaves of Hongmeiren were obtained by stepwise regression analysis.Therefore,the pH adjustment of the orchard soil and the increase of physiological alkaline organic fertilizer will be the key to the subsequent orchard soil management.