以心为本:中国无“M字型曲线”之谜

From Renxin : The Puzzle of China Has No “M-Shaped Curve”

各国社会存在类同的社会问题,但又并非完全一致。在其他国家被认定为社会问题之问题,于中国未必成为社会问题。不同于诸多后工业社会,中国的女性劳动参与率在非“去家庭化”下未呈现出“M字型曲线”。这一现象的背景中存在基于人心的社会问题化解或预防机制。基于此机制,社会问题成了“个人(家庭)问题”,或是在形成前就被“成功”扼杀。人心不被国家、场域或市场所限,这意味着中国具有不被这些所限的问题化解或预防机制,也同时意味着中国所要面对的问题超越这些范畴。在中国,社会治理委任于每位行动者,而每位行动者也自我趋向于去承接社会治理之责。对社会机制的理解,能深化对社会问题的认知,以及对人们的各种实践所具意义的自觉。

Various countries have similar social issues,but they are not entirely the same.Issues that are identified as social problems in other countries may not necessarily become social problems in China.Unlike many post-industrial societies,China’s female labor participation rate(by age group)does not exhibit an“M-shaped curve”without“de-familialization”.There is a social problem solving or prevention mechanism based on renxin in the background of this phenomenon.It is precisely because this mechanism that social problems become“individual(family)problems”or that social problems are“successfully”nipped in the bud before they become social problems.Renxin is not limited by nations,fields or markets,which means that China has a problem solving or prevention mechanism that is not limited by all these.It also means that the problems China faces transcend nation,field,or market.In China,social governance is entrusted to each agent,and each agent tends to undertake the responsibility of social governance himself/herself.Understanding the social mechanism can deepen the cognition of social issues and the awareness of the meanings of various practices.