精神病患者与智障者性权利保护的基本问题

Basic Issues in the Protection of Sexual Rights of People with Mental Illness and Intellectual Disabilities

精神病患者与智障者因在认识能力和防卫能力方面的缺陷,其性权利受到侵犯的事件屡有发生。性权利是一项天赋的权利,精神病患者与智障者当然享有性权利,但因为生理上的特殊性,其性权利的实现和保护存在着一些现实难题。加强对精神病患者与智障者性权利的保护,应当完善支持精神病患者与智障者婚育权实现的制度体系,推动对性防卫能力鉴定以及性同意能力判断的个案化,对符合条件的适用推定同意理论,建立精神病患者与智障者遭受性侵后的救助补偿制度,为精神病患者与智障者的性权利保护打造一个从法律到社会、从教育到救助的全方位的制度体系。

The people with mental illness and intellectual disabilities often experience sexual violations due to their deficiencies in cognitive and defensive abilities.Sexual rights are inherent,and these individuals are entitled to them.But there are practical challenges to the realization and protection of their sexual rights because of their physiological peculiarities.To enhance the protection of their sexual rights,we should improve the institutional system that supports the realization of their marriage and reproductive rights,promote the individualized assessment of sexual defense ability and sexual consent ability,apply the presumption of consent theory to those who meet the conditions,and establish a rescue and compensation system for such people who suffer from sexual assault.Through the above efforts,we aim to create a comprehensive institutional system for the protection of sexual rights for the people with mental illness and intellectual disabilities,from legal to social aspects,and from education to assistance.