新质生产力视域下关键核心技术突破对企业高质量发展的影响

Impact of Breakthroughs in Core Technologies in Key Fields on the High-Quality Development of Enterprises from the Perspective of New Quality Productive Forces

新质生产力作为科技创新主导下的新生产力形态,是推动经济高质量发展的重要引擎。基于2008—2022年中国A股制造业上市公司专利文本数据和国家出台的相关科技创新规划中划定的关键核心技术明细,运用机器学习自然语言处理方法识别关键核心技术,实证检验了关键核心技术突破对企业高质量发展的影响。研究发现:关键核心技术能够显著推动企业高质量发展,且主要通过提升企业供应链韧性和价值链位势来实现;知识产权保护和市场化程度在关键核心技术推动企业高质量发展过程中发挥了正向调节作用。此外,在高竞争行业企业、国有企业以及高数字化转型程度、高技术多元化程度的企业中,关键核心技术对企业高质量发展的影响更显著。为推动企业高质量发展,政府既要完善关键核心技术创新体系,着力提升产业自主创新能力,又要提高供应链韧性和安全水平,推动企业价值链位势攀升,还要深化知识产权领域体制机制改革,建立以各类经营主体需求为导向的市场环境。

New quality productive forces,as a novel form of productive forces driven by scientific and technological innovation,serve as an important engine for promoting high-quality economic development.Drawing on patent text data from A-share listed manufacturing companies in China from 2008 to 2022,as well as specific details of core technologies in key fields identified in relevant national plans of scientific and technological innovation,this study employs machine learning and natural language processing methods to identify core technologies in key fields and empirically examines the impact of breakthroughs in core technologies in key fields on the high-quality development of enterprises.The results reveal that core technologies in key fields can significantly drive the high-quality development of enterprises,and this effect is mainly achieved by bolstering the resilience of enterprise supply chains and elevating the enterprise's position in the value chain.Intellectual property rights protection and marketization level play a positive moderating role in this driving effect.Furthermore,this driving effect is more significant in highly competitive industries,state-owned enterprises,and enterprises with high levels of digital transformation and technological diversification.In order to facilitate the high-quality development of enterprises,the government should improve the innovation system for core technologies in key fields,enhance the independent innovation capacity of industries,and strengthen the resilience and security of supply chains.Furthermore,efforts should be made to elevate the position of enterprise value chains,deepen the institutional and mechanism reforms in the field of intellectual property rights,and establish a market environment that caters to diverse business entities'needs.