2014—2023年河南省市售散装即食熟肉制品中亚硝酸盐监测结果分析

Analysis of nitrite monitoring in bulk ready-to-eat cooked meat products in Henan Province,2014-2023

目的了解河南省市售散装即食熟肉制品中亚硝酸盐的残留状况,为食品安全风险评估和监管提供依据。方法2014—2023年在河南省17个省辖市和济源示范区采集散装即食熟肉制品样品,按照国标中分光光度法测定样品中亚硝酸盐含量,依据国标限定残留量评价是否超标。结果共采集样品10619份,亚硝酸盐的总体检出率为68.41%,超标率为9.16%,检测值中位数M(P_(25),P_(75))为3.70(0.50,11.00)mg/kg,最大值1830.00 mg/kg。酱卤肉制品(10.50%)和内脏制品(9.98%)的亚硝酸盐超标率高于其他类别(χ^(2)=94.762,P<0.001);来源农贸市场、商店的酱卤肉和内脏制品中,熟牛肉制品(22.38%,15.20%)、熟猪肉制品(15.59%,5.90%)的亚硝酸盐超标率均高于熟禽肉制品(4.66%,2.80%)(χ^(2)=140.412,P<0.001;χ^(2)=83.262,P<0.001)。来源农贸市场的样品亚硝酸盐含量高于其他环节,检测值M(P_(25),P_(75))为5.89(1.10,16.00)mg/kg(H=295.994,P<0.001);豫东地区农贸市场来源的样品(25.63%)亚硝酸盐超标率高于其他地区(χ^(2)=190.346,P<0.001)。2014—2023年散装即食熟肉制品中亚硝酸盐超标率和含量均呈下降趋势(R=-0.109,P<0.001;Kendall’s tau-b=-0.100,P<0.001)。结论河南省市售散装即食熟肉制品中亚硝酸盐的不规范使用情况有所改善,但部分地区亚硝酸超标率和含量水平仍较高,应持续加强监管,重点关注酱卤畜肉制品。

Objective To assess the nitrite residual levels in bulk ready-to-eat cooked meat sold in Henan Province,providing insights for food safety risk assessment and regulatory measures.Methods A total of 10659 cooked meat samples were collected from 17 municipalities and Jiyuan of Henan from 2014 to 2023.Nitrite levels were measured using a spectrophotometric method,adhering to national standard.Results The detection rate for nitrite in cooked meat was 68.41%,with an exceeding rate of 9.16%.The median M(P_(25),P_(75))nitrite levels were 3.70(0.50,11.00)mg/kg,and the maximum value was 1830.00 mg/kg.Soy sauce and marinated meat products as well as offal products,exhibited significantly higher exceedance rates of 10.50%and 9.98%,respectively,compared to other categories(χ^(2)=94.762,P<0.001).Cooked beef and pork products sourced from farmers'markets and shops had notably higher nitrite exceedance rates of 22.38%and 15.20%,and 15.59%and 5.90%,respectively,compared to cooked poultry products at 4.66%and 2.80%,with statistically significant differences(χ^(2)=140.412,P<0.001 for beef;χ^(2)=83.262,P<0.001 for pork).Cooked meat from farmers′market had higher median nitrite levels of 5.89(1.10,16.00)mg/kg,which were significantly higher than other sampling segments(H=295.994,P<0.001).The eastern region of Henan showed a significantly higher exceedance rates of 25.63%compared to other regions(χ^(2)=190.346,P<0.001).There had been a significantly decrease in nitrite exceedance rates and content levels in bulk ready-to-eat cooked meat from 2014-2023(R=-0.109,P<0.001;Kendall’s tau-b=-0.100,P<0.001).Conclusions While unregulated use of nitrite in Henan's bulk ready-to-eat cooked meat products has improved,some regions still exhibit high exceedance rates and residual levels.Continuous strengthening of supervision is recommended,with a particular focus on soy and marinated animal meat products.