河南省南阳市登革热媒介白纹伊蚊生态学监测

Ecological monitoring analysis of dengue vector Aedes albopictusin Nanyang, Henan

目的 了解河南省南阳市媒介白纹伊蚊孳生地分布、密度、季节消长规律,为白纹伊蚊传播疾病风险评估、预测、预警及控制提供科学依据。方法 本研究于2020年5—11月和2021年4月进行,采用布雷图指数(breteau index,BI)、容器指数(container index, CI)和诱蚊诱卵器(Mosq-ovitrap index, MOI)法,对白纹伊蚊幼虫密度进行监测,采用双层叠帐法调查白纹伊蚊成蚊密度。应用SPSS 25.0软件进行数据统计分析。结果 白纹伊蚊幼虫平均BI值为7.05、CI值为25.54、MOI值为1.08,成蚊平均帐诱指数为5.37只/(顶·时)。白纹伊蚊4—11月活动,活动高峰为7—8月。闲置容器是白纹伊蚊的主要孳生场所,占总数的68.09%,其中废旧轮胎的CI值最高,为41.98。结论 南阳市媒介伊蚊孳生地分布广泛,平均密度指数超过阈值水平,登革热潜传播风险显著。优先进行环境治理,清理居民区特别是农村居民区的孳生地,对于控制媒介伊蚊密度和降低媒介伊蚊传播疾病的风险至关重要。

Objective To investigate the distribution of breeding grounds,density,seasonal fluctuation of Aedes albopictus in Nanyang,Henan,so as to provide scientific basis for risk assessment,prediction,early warning,and control of Aedes-borne diseases.Methods The study was conducted from May to November 2020 and April 2021.The density of Aedes albopictus larvae mosquito was monitored using breteau index(BI),container index(CI)and Mosq-ovitrap index(MOI)methods.Adult mosquito density was assessed using the double-layered mosquito net method at the dengue vector Aedes surveillance sites in Nanyang.Data were statistically analyzed using SPSS 25.0 software.Results The average indices for larvae mosquito density were 7.05 for BI,25.54 for CI,and 1.08 for MOI.The average trap index of adult mosquitoes was 5.37 per mosquito net per hour.Aedes albopictus was observed to be active from April to November with peak activity occurring in July and August.Idle containers were identified as the primary breeding grounds.Accounting for 68.09%of the total,with waste tires showing the highest CI value at 41.98.Conclusions The breeding grounds of Aedes vectors in Nanyang are widely distributed,and the average density exceed the threshold levels,indicating a significant risk for dengue transmission.Prioritizing environmental management,the clearing of breeding sites in residential areas particularly in rural residential area,is crucial for controlling the density of Aedes albopictus and mitigating the risk of Aedes-borne diseases.