2018—2023年河南省漯河市中小学生和幼托儿童传染病流行特征

Epidemiological characteristics of infectious diseases among schoolchildren and kindergarteners in Luohe City,Henan Province,2018 to 2023

目的分析河南省漯河市中小学生和幼托儿童传染病流行病学特征,为制定中小学及托幼机构传染病防控策略和措施提供依据。方法中小学生和幼托儿童传染病个案数据来源于中国疾病预防控制信息系统,采用描述性流行病学方法对2018—2023年漯河市学生和幼托儿童传染病疫情数据进行统计分析。结果2018—2023年漯河市共报告中小学生和幼托儿童24种法定传染病16338例,年均发病率550.30/10万;以呼吸道和肠道传染病为主,分别为13601例(83.25%)和2658例(16.27%)。发病呈现春季和冬季两个季节性高峰;男女发病率之比为1.07∶1;城市发病率高于农村,分别为666.85/10万和414.08/10万(χ^(2)=861.783,P<0.05)。不同教育阶段的发病率不同(χ^(2)=6854.516,P<0.05),其中幼儿园阶段发病率最高(1239.22/10万)。各教育阶段传染病病例构成比居于首位的均为流行性感冒。共监测到94起学生疫情,包括突发公共卫生事件3起、暴发疫情17起、聚集性疫情74起。结论2018—2023年漯河市学龄儿童和幼托儿童传染病发病水平较高,卫生与教育部门应密切合作,加强监测预警,提高疫苗接种率,有效预防控制中小学和托幼机构传染病的暴发和流行。

Objective To analyzes the epidemiological characteristics of infectious diseases among schoolchildren and kindergarteners in Luohe City,with the aim of informaing strategies and measures for the prevention and control of infectious diseases in educational settings.Methods The data on infectious disease cases among schoolchildren and kindergarteners comes from the China Disease Prevention and Control Information System.Descriptive epidemiological methods was used to analyze the incidence data of infectious diseases among students and children in Luohe City from 2018 to 2023.Results A total of 16338 cases of 24 types of notifiable infectious diseases were reported,with an average annual incidence rate of 550.30/105.Respiratory and intestinal infectious diseases were predominant,accounting for 13601 cases(83.25%)and 2658 cases(16.27%),respectively.Disease incidence exhibited two seasonal peaks in spring and winter.The male-to-female incidence ratio was 1.07∶1.The urban incidence rate was significantly higher than the rural incidence rate at 666.85/105 versus 414.08/105,respectively(χ^(2)=861.783,P<0.05).Incidence rates variedacross different education stages(χ^(2)=6854.516,P<0.05),with the highest rate observed in kindergartens(1239.22/105).Influenza was the leading cause of infectious disease cases across all educational stages.A total of 94 student epidemics were identified,including 3 public health emergencies,17 outbreaks,and 74 clusters.Conclusions The incidence of infectious diseases among schoolchildren and kindergarteners in Luohe is relatively high.Close collaboration between health and education departments is necessary to enhance monitoring and early warning system,improve vaccination rates,and effectively prevent and control the spread of infectious diseases in schools.