传染病患者的适航性及其航空转运策略

Airworthiness and air transport of infectious diseases

传染性疾病,尤其是烈性传染病,有可能通过航空运输的方式而播散。必须结合具体传染病的特点、病例的病情和拟采用航空器的特点,以及相宜防护措施、目的地相关法律法规等诸多因素来综合评估其适航性和航空医疗转运方式。甲类(鼠疫、霍乱)和按照甲类管理的乙类传染病,不可进行航空旅行,也不适宜普通航空转运。疾病传播方式与是否需要隔离观察治疗,是判定是否适航的基础:勿需隔离观察治疗的病例可以进行航空旅行;需隔离观察治疗的病例,不宜航空旅行,应隔离观察治疗。应根据传染病传播方式、病死率情况、在航空条件下感染他人的概率、患者病情、转运需求等因素,结合所具备的防控设施和条件,科学地选择航空转运方式和适宜防护措施及应急方案。

Infectious diseases,especially highly infectious diseases,may spread through air transportation.The airworthiness and aeromedical transport of specific infectious diseases must be comprehensively evaluated based on the characteristics of the disease,the condition of the cases,the characteristics of the intended aircraft,appropriate protective measures,destination-related laws and regulations,and other factors.Class A(pestis,cholera)and Class B infectious diseases managed according to Class A are not allowed to travel by air,nor are they suitable for ordinary air transport.The mode of disease transmission and whether isolation observation and treatment are necessary are the basis for determining airworthiness:cases that do not require isolation observation and treatment can travel by air.Cases that require isolation,observation,and treatment should not travel by air,but should be isolated,observed,and treated.Based on factors such as the mode of transmission of infectious diseases,mortality and disability,the probability of infecting others under aviation conditions,the condition of the case,transportation needs,etc.,combined with the existing prevention and control facilities and conditions,a scientific selection of aviation transportation methods,appropriate protective measures,and emergency plans should be made.