红树林布置参数对其消浪效果的敏感性试验研究

Experimental Study on the Sensitivity of Mangrove Parameters to the Effect of Wave Damping

近年来,红树林在海岸带保护与修复工程中的应用越发广泛,如何科学布置红树林以发挥其消浪效果至关重要。红树林的淹没度、种植密度、种植宽度以及排布方式等因素均会对红树林的消浪效果产生不同程度的影响。为了探究上述参数对红树林消浪的影响,开展物理模型试验并对不同参数的影响进行敏感性分析。选取浙江乐清湾内海山西塘前沿红树林带为研究对象,构建1∶5正态水槽模型,将桧柏树二次加工制作模型树,开展红树林消浪试验,研究红树林各布置参数对其消浪效果的影响及敏感性。试验结果表明:红树林的消浪效果随着淹没度的增大而减弱;红树林的宽度越大,消浪效果越好,但红树林前半段单位长度的消浪率往往大于后半段;种植密度的增大会提升红树林的消浪效果;相同种植密度下,“品”形排布的消浪效果总体上接近或略好于矩形排布。经敏感性分析,淹没度对于红树林消浪效果的影响最显著,其次为红树林宽度。研究成果初步探明了红树林较优消浪效果的布置参数及其组合方式,为海塘安澜工程的红树林种植工程防灾减灾效益最大化提供了参考。

In recent years,mangroves have been widely used in coastal protection and restoration projects,and it is very important to arrange mangroves scientifically to exert their wave-dissipating effects.Factors such as the submergence degree,planting density,planting width,and arrangement of mangrove forests will have different degrees of influence on their wave dissipation effects.To explore the influence of the above parameters on mangrove wave dissipation,this paper carries out physical model experiments and analyzes the sensitivity of the impact of different parameters.Selecting the mangrove belt on the seashore of the western beach in Yueqing Bay,Zhejiang Province,as the research object,we built a 1∶5 normal water tank model,processed the Cypress tree models,and carried out mangrove wave-dissipating experiments to study the influence and sensitivity of various mangrove layout parameters on wave-dissipation.The experimental results show that the wave-dissipating effect of mangroves decreases with the increase of submersion degree;the wider the mangroves are,the better the wave-dissipating effect is,but the wave-dissipation rate per unit length of the front half of mangroves is often greater than that of the rear half;the increase of planting density can enhance the wave-dissipating effect of mangroves;under the same planting density,the wave-dissipating ef-fect of“品”-shaped distribution is generally similar to or slightly better than that of rectangular distribution.Through sensitivity analysis,it is found that submersion degree has the most significant impact on the wave-dissipating effect of mangroves,followed by mangrove width.The research results preliminarily explore the optimal wave-dissipating effect layout parameters and their combinations of mangroves,provid-ing references for maximizing the disaster prevention and mitigation benefits of mangrove planting projects in sea embankment safety projects.