Sora使用者的著作权侵权风险与治理因应路径

Copyright Infringement Risks and Governance Responses for Sora Users

Sora生成的视听作品在思想与表达上分属于不同的权利主体,其使用者的著作权侵权风险具有高度隐蔽性。Sora是基于海量视频素材的场景“复现”,在场景与时间的交叉融合中生成,是思维与表达分离的创作过程。Sora使用者的行为存在侵犯复制权、改编权和传播权(广播权和信息网络传播权)的风险,且具有高度隐蔽性。“接触+实质性相似”的侵权判定规则和“过错原则”在适用上均存在障碍,甚至导致举证不能。应将Sora使用者纳入披露主体范畴,将Sora生成视听作品作为披露内容,同时引入在先作品使用背书制度,以此强化事前的算法风险防范机制,同时适度探索“举证缓和”制度和灵活使用“举证责任倒置”,以融合事前防范与事后治理。

The audiovisual works generated by Sora involve different rights holders in terms of ideas and expressions,making the copyright infringement risks for its users highly concealed.Sora generates content by“reproducing”scenes based on a vast amount of video material,creating a process where thought and expression are separated.The actions of Sora users carry risks of infringing reproduction rights,adaptation rights,and dissemination rights(broadcasting rights and information network dissemination rights),and these risks are highly concealed.The infringement determination rules of“access+substantial similarity”and the“fault principle”face obstacles in application,even leading to the inability to provide evidence.Sora users should be included in the disclosure subject category,and the audiovisual works generated by Sora should be disclosed.Additionally,a prior works usage endorsement system should be introduced to strengthen the pre algorithm risk prevention mechanism.At the same time,it is necessary to moderately explore the“evidence relaxation”system and flexibly use the“reversal of the burden of proof”to integrate pre prevention and post governance.