中国史学话语权与自主知识体系的构建

Construction of China’s Historical Discourse Power and Independent Knowledge System

近代中国史学的自主意识是随着西方史学涌入中国的刺激而逐步觉醒的,中国史学对话语权的追求也日趋强烈。当前中国史学话语权面临着唯物史观主导地位削弱、国际史学话语权不足、周边国家和地区对传统历史观念的冲击、社会历史教育乱象丛生等诸多挑战,其主因是对教条化唯物史观的反感和史学求新的心态,西方的话语霸权,学术思想、学术主体、传播方式多元化等。要应对挑战,就要建构中国自主的历史学知识体系,其路径包括深化马克思主义唯物史观的中国化与时代化,加强历史本体论研究,增强解释力和包容性;以史学“三大体系”建设瓦解西方话语霸权,在开放中增强主体性;史料基础和历史解释并重,事实与雄辩兼顾;确立历史教育作为国家基本战略的地位,制订《国家历史教育发展规划》。总之,只有回归中国历史本身,才能建构中国自主的历史学知识体系。

The self awareness of modern Chinese historiography gradually awakened with the influx of Western historiography into China,leading to an increasing pursuit of discourse power in Chinese historiography.Currently,Chinese historiography faces numerous challenges,including the weakening dominance of the materialist conception of history,insufficient international historiographical discourse power,the impact of traditional historical views from neighboring countries and regions,and chaotic social history education.The main reasons for these challenges are the aversion to dogmatic materialist historiography,the desire for innovation in historiography,Western discourse hegemony,and the diversification of academic thought,academic subjects,and dissemination methods.To address these challenges,it is necessary to construct an independent historical knowledge system for China.This includes deepening the Sinicization and modernization of Marxist materialist historiography,strengthening research on historical ontology to enhance explanatory power and inclusiveness,dismantling Western discourse hegemony through the construction of the“three major systems”of historiography,enhancing subjectivity in openness,balancing the foundation of historical materials with historical interpretation,and integrating facts with persuasive arguments.Establishing historical education as a national strategic priority and formulating the“National Historical Education Development Plan”are also crucial.In summary,only by returning to the essence of Chinese history can an independent historical knowledge system for China be constructed.