不同生长调节剂、播期对间作大豆物质转化及品质的影响

The Effects of Different Growth Regulators and Sowing Date on Substance Conversion,Yield and Quality of Intercropping Soybean

大豆是重要的粮食作物和经济作物,富含多种营养物质,用途广泛.随着大豆—玉米带状复合种植技术在重庆地区的推广,适宜当地间作大豆品种的播期、生长调节剂种类及浓度需要进一步筛选.以大豆—玉米带状复合种植模式为基础,大豆选用耐荫抗倒品种‘渝豆11’,玉米选用半紧凑品种‘成单30’,试验采取两因素裂区设计,主区为播期(A),A1:大豆、玉米同时播种,A2:大豆较玉米晚播14 d;副区为9种不同种类及浓度的植物生长调节剂(B).分别于2022年春季和2023年春季在重庆市歇马科研基地进行试验,研究在大豆—玉米带状间作模式下不同播期及生长调节剂对间作大豆品质、叶片酶活性、物质转化效率的影响,结果表明:①播期及植物生长调节剂对间作大豆品质具有显著影响.大豆粗蛋白、粗脂肪含量播期Ⅰ(A1)>播期Ⅱ(A2).A2B4处理下的粗脂肪含量最高,A1B5处理下的粗蛋白含量最高;②播期及植物生长调节剂对间作大豆叶片酶和光合指标有显著影响.整体上POD活性A2>A1,SOD活性A1>A2,NR活性两个播期间无显著影响.盛荚期和鼓粒期播期Ⅰ中,施用25 mg/L 6-BA叶片POD活性、60 mg/L DTA-6处理SOD活性、20 mg/L 6-BA叶片NR活性分别达到最高.2022年和2023年在盛荚期、鼓粒期平均净光合速率、气孔导度播期Ⅰ显著高于播期Ⅱ,而胞间CO_(2)浓度、大豆平均蒸腾速率、SPAD值,A1与A2接近.播期Ⅰ中净光合速率DTA-6>S3307>6-BA处理,播期Ⅱ中DTA-6,6-BA,S3307处理下的净光合速率相近,在盛荚期和鼓粒期,播期Ⅰ下60 mg/L DTA-6的净光合速率、40 mg/L S3307的气孔导度、75 mg/L DTA-6胞间CO_(2)浓度、50 mg/L S3307蒸腾速率、60 mg/L DTA-6处理的SPAD值最大;③播期及植物生长调节剂对间作大豆物质转化效率具有显著影响.植株氮(磷)含量及氮(磷)转化效率A1>A2,盛花期播期Ⅰ下施用50 mg/L S3307植株氮含量、25 mg/L 6-BA植株磷含量最大.成熟期播期Ⅰ20 mg/L 6-BA处理下大豆植株含氮(磷)量最大.播期Ⅰ中施用50 mg/L DTA-6植株氮转移效率最高,播期Ⅰ中施用25 mg/L 6-BA植株磷转移效率最高.综上所述,在大豆—玉米带状间作模式下,晚播大豆叶片酶活性、光合效率降低,且氮(磷)转化效率降低.DTA-6和6-BA能一定程度上提高氮(磷)转化效率,6-BA相较其他生长调节剂更有利于成熟期氮(磷)含量的积累,而在R1(初花期)喷施DTA-6的品质均优于S3307和6-BA.

Soybean is an important food crop and cash crop,rich in a variety of nutrients and widely used.With the popularization of soybean-maize strip compound planting technology in Chongqing,the sowing date,growth regulator type and concentration suitable for local intercropping soybean varieties need to be further screened.In this study,based on the soybean-maize strip intercropping mode,the shade-resistant soybean variety Yudou 11,and the semi-compact maize variety Chengdan 30 were selected for test.The trial adopted a two-factor split-plot design.The main plot was the sowing date(A),A1:soybean and maize were sown at the same time,and A2:soybean was sown 14 days later than maize;the sub-plot was 9 types of plant growth regulators(B)in different concentrations.The experiment was conducted in Xiema Research Base,Chongqing in spring of 2022 and 2023,respectively.The effects of different sowing date and growth regulators on the quality of soybean,leaf enzyme activity and substance conversion efficiency under soybean-maize strip intercropping mode were studied.The results are as follows:①Sowing date and plant growth regulators had a significant impact on the soybean quality.Soybean crude protein and crude fat contents were generally presented as A1>A2.The highest crude fat content and crude protein content was observed under A2B4 treatment and A1B5 treatment,respectively.②Sowing date and plant growth regulators affected the leaf enzymes and photosynthetic indexes.Overall,POD activity of A2>A1,SOD activity of A1>A2,and NR activity were not different between the two seeding dates.The highest activity of NR,POD and SOD was observed in the leaves treated with 20 mg/L 6-BA,25 mg/L 6-BA and 60 mg/L DTA-6,respectively.In 2022 and 2023,the average net photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductivity under A1 were significantly higher than those under A2,while the intercellular carbon dioxide concentration,average soybean transpiration rate,SPAD value of A1 were close to A2.The changes of net photosynthetic rate under A1 with different plant growth regulator treatments was in the order of DTA-6>S3307>6-BA,but no significant differences under A2.During full pod and seed filling stages,net photosynthetic rate under 60 mg/L DTA-6 treatment,stomatal conductance under 40 mg/L S3307 treatment,intercellular carbon dioxide concentration under 75 mg/L DTA-6 treatment,transpiration rate under 50 mg/L S3307 treatment,and SPAD value under 60 mg/L DTA-6 treatment reached its peak,respectively.③Sowing date and plant growth regulators had a significant impact on the conversion efficiency of intercropping soybean substances.The nitrogen(phosphorus)content and nitrogen(phosphorus)transformation efficiency of the plants were A1>A2,and the nitrogen content of 50 mg/L S3307 plants and phosphorus content of 25 mg/L 6-BA plants was the highest during the flowering period,respectively.Soybean plants contained the highest level of nitrogen(phosphorus)under 20 mg/L 6-BA treatment.The highest nitrogen and phosphorus transfer efficiency was achieved under A1 with 50 mg/L DTA-6 and 25 mg/L 6-BA treatment,respectively.In conclusion,under the soybean-maize strip intercropping mode,leaf enzyme activity,photosynthetic efficiency and nitrogen(phosphorus)conversion efficiency of late sowing soybeans were reduced.DTA-6 and 6-BA can improve the conversion efficiency of nitrogen(phosphorus)to some extent,6-BA could promote the accumulation of nitrogen(phosphorus),and application of DTA-6 in R1(early flowering stage)had better effect on quality than that of S3307 and 6-BA.