“农转非”早落户的就业回报——基于教育人力资本视角的分析

Employment Returns to Early Settlement of“Agricultural to Non-Agricultural”Households——Based on an Educational Human Capital Perspective

探讨市民化人口的就业回报是检视新型城镇化质量的重要窗口。利用中国综合社会调查数据(CGSS),从教育人力资本视角实证检验个体早年“农转非”经历对成年期就业质量的影响。研究发现,早年获得非农户口能够显著改善成年期的就业质量,且IPWRA和AIPW处理效应模型及倾向值得分匹配(PSM)等多种检验方法均证实了农转非的就业质量提升效应;在城乡教育资源配置差距客观存在的现实条件下,农转非突破了教育资源获取障碍,改善户口转换者的受教育水平和受教育质量,这是农转非提升就业质量的重要机制。为审视新型城镇化建设绩效提供新的视角,同时也为推进农业转移人口市民化提供了新的动力。

Exploring the employment returns of the urbanized population is an important window for examining the quality of new urbanization.Using data from the China General Social Survey(CGSS),this paper empirically examines the impact of early hukou conversion from“agricultural to non-agricultural”on the quality of employment in adulthood from an educational human capital perspective.The quantitative analysis found that obtaining a non-agricultural hukou status at an early age significantly improves the quality of employment in adulthood.Using various robustness tests such as IPWRA and AIPW treatment effect models and propensity score matching(PSM),the employment quality improvement effect of early hukou conversion from agricultural to non-agricultural still holds.Under the reality of the objective disparity between urban and rural education resources,the early hukou conversion from agricultural to non-agricultural has broken through the barrier of access to education resources and improved the education level and quality of those who have changed their hukou status,which is an important mechanism for the early hukou conversion from agricultural to non-agricultural to improve the quality of employment.This study provides a new perspective for examining the performance of new urbanization construction and a new impetus for promoting the urbanization of the agricultural transfer population.