儿童呼吸康复的现状与挑战

Status and challenges of pulmonary rehabilitation in children

儿童呼吸康复有助于缓解儿童急、慢性呼吸系统疾病的呼吸困难、疲劳和焦虑等症状,并能改善肺功能、运动能力和生活质量。儿童呼吸系统解剖和生理特点与成人存且在差异并在不同年龄段有不同表现,因此,儿童呼吸康复与成人呼吸康复相比也面临着更大的挑战。呼吸康复评估和干预方案应根据患儿的适应证、年龄及配合程度进行个体化选择。该文将总结呼吸康复的概念演变、呼吸康复的内涵、儿童解剖生理特点、儿童呼吸康复的特点以及儿童呼吸康复的目标和适应证等内容,以期为临床开展儿童呼吸康复提供参考。

Children's pulmonary rehabilitation can help alleviate the symptoms of dyspnea,fatigue and anxiety in children with acute and chronic respiratory diseases,and improve lung function,exercise ability and quality of life.Children's pulmonary rehabilitation is also facing greater challenges due to thechildren’s different anatomical and physiological characteristics of the respiratory system from adults.The evaluation and intervention plan should be selected individually according to the indication,age and level of cooperation of the children.In this paper,the concept evolution of respiratory rehabilitation,the content of pulmonary rehabilitation,the anatomical and physiological characteristics of children,the goals and indications of children's pulmonary rehabilitation,and the characteristics of children's pulmonary rehabilitation are summarized,in order toprovidereferences for performingpediatricpulmonary rehabilitation in clinical practice.