电焊烟尘中金属成分的生物可及性特征及其在暴露评估中的应用研究

Bioaccessibility characteristics of metals in welding fume and its application in exposure assessment

目的探究电焊烟尘中主要金属成分在模拟肺液的生物可及性,并结合美国环境保护署(EPA)吸入暴露风险评估模型评估各金属成分的暴露水平。方法于2022年12月,使用扫描电镜分析电焊烟尘的微观形貌特征,采用体外模拟方法分析各金属成分在模拟正常和肺部炎症状态下的肺液中的生物可及性,并结合EPA吸入暴露风险评估模型计算各金属成分的暴露水平。结果二氧化碳气体保护焊烟尘中主要金属成分为铁(Fe)、锰(Mn)、锌(Zn)、钛(Ti)、铝(Al)、铜(Cu)、铬(Cr)、镉(Cd)、镍(Ni)和砷(As),在模拟正常肺间质液中生物可及性分别为0.82%~1.84%、5.07%~9.41%、4.52%~7.23%、5.10%~8.67%、20.48%~29.60%、5.27%~9.83%、4.80%~7.56%、0.07%~1.08%、6.48%~13.84%和33.02%~42.81%。在模拟肺部炎症状态下的肺液中上述金属成分生物可及性分别为14.79%~27.45%、34.53%~46.11%、35.31%~59.13%、16.45%~22.51%、60.78%~76.51%、26.58%~34.12%、15.32%~25.87%、2.0%~5.7%、34.77%~43.33%和71.34%~88.36%。与正常肺间质液中比较,金属成分在模拟炎症状态下肺液中的生物可及性升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。各金属成分的日均暴露量(ADD)由高到低依次为Mn、Fe、Zn、Ti、Al、Cu、Cr、As、Ni、Cd;其中Mn在两种模拟肺液中的ADD均超过其吸入参考限值(>50倍);Ti、Cr在模拟肺部炎症状态下的ADD超过参考限值(>1.3倍)。结论电焊烟尘中金属成分的暴露水平及危害评估中应关注金属成分的生物可及性特征。

ObjectiveTo explore the bioaccessibility of the main metal components in welding fume welding fume in simulated lung fluid,and to evaluate the exposure level of each metal component in combination with the EPA inhalation exposure risk assessment model.MethodsIn November 2022,the microscopic morphology characteristics of welding fumes were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy,the bioaccessibility of each metal component in lung fluid simulated normal and lung inflammatory states was analyzed by in vitro simulation method,and the exposure level of each metal component was calculated in combination with the EPA inhalation exposure risk assessment model.ResultsThe main metal components in carbon dioxide gas shielded welding fumes were Fe,Mn,Zn,Ti,Al,Cu,Cr,Cd,Ni and As,and the bioaccessibility in simulated normal lung interstitial fluid was 0.82%-1.84%,5.07%-9.41%,4.52%-7.23%,5.10%-8.67%,20.48%-29.60%,5.27%-9.83%,4.80%-7.56%,0.07%-1.08%,6.48%-13.84%and 33.02%-42.81%.The bioaccessibility of the above metal components in the lung fluid under simulated lung inflammation was 14.79%-27.45%,34.53%-46.11%,35.31%-59.13%,16.45%-22.51%,60.78%-76.51%,26.58%-34.12%,15.32%-25.87%,2.0%-5.7%,34.77%-43.33%and 71.34%-88.36%,respectively.Compared with the simulated lurg interstitial fluid,the bioaccessibility of metal components in the lung fluid under the simulated inflammatory state was increased,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).The average daily exposure dose Mn in the two simulated lung fluids exceeded the inhalation reference limit(>50 times),and the average daily exposure dose Ti and Cr in the simulated lung inflammation exceeded the reference limit(>1.3 times).ConclusionAttention should be paid to the bioaccessibility characteristics of metal components in the exposure level and hazard assessment of welding fumes.