虫螨腈毒代动力学及毒理学研究进展

Research progress on toxicokinetics and toxicology of chlorfenapyr

虫螨腈作为一种日益广泛应用的新合成农药,使用过程中人体暴露机会逐渐增加,中毒病例日益增多,目前虫螨腈的毒代动力学与毒理学仍未十分明确,自20世纪90年代开始,相关研究逐渐开展,动物实验显示了虫螨腈的吸收、分布、排泄、代谢等毒代动力学过程。毒理学研究表明,氧化磷酸化解耦联效应是虫螨腈的基本毒性,人和其他动物虫螨腈中毒可出现神经、心脏、骨骼肌、基因、生殖与发育、肾脏、脾脏、血液系统等相关毒性。现结合既往动物实验、人源细胞系实验、临床病例、人类尸检等资料,对虫螨腈的毒代动力学与毒理学相关进展进行综述,以期强化临床对虫螨腈中毒的关注,并为虫螨腈中毒的救治提供参考。

Chlorfenapyr,an emerging synthetic pesticide,has been linked to a growing number of poisoning incidents,attributed to heightened human exposure as its application becomes more widespread.However,the toxicokinetics and toxicology of chlorfenapyr remain incompletely understood.Research since the 1990s,including animal experiments,has illuminated the absorption,distribution,excretion,and metabolism of chlorfenapyr.Toxicological investigations have revealed that the primary toxicity of chlorfenapyr is the uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation.Chlorfenapyr exposure in humans and other animals can lead to various toxic effects,including neurotoxicity,cardiotoxicity,skeletal muscle toxicity,genotoxicity,reproductive and developmental toxicity,renal toxicity,splenic toxicity,and hematotoxicity.This article presents a comprehensive review of the toxicokinetics and toxicology of chlorfenapyr,integrating data from animal experiments,human cell line studies,clinical reports,and human autopsy.Its objective is to raise clinical awareness regarding chlorfenapyr poisoning and offer valuable references for its treatment and management.