从词频符频探测学术汉语的若干语言特征——基于学术论文与报刊词频符频的对比

Exploring linguistic features of Academic Chinese through word and punctuation frequencies:Based on a comparative study of academic papers and newspapers

本研究将语体上最接近学术汉语的通用书面语作为参照,采用语料库驱动的研究范式,以自建学术论文库和报刊库显著的词频和符频差异为线索,探测到学术汉语有别于通用书面语的一些语言特征:单音节词占比高,语体风格比通用书面语偏“文”;不少高频词的意义和/或用法不同于通用词;定语繁复;动词的时体特征不凸显;复句多,结构层次复杂,常用有文言色彩的关联词;句子长度长,句法复杂度高;疑问句少,做主宾语的疑问小句多,正反选择问多;括号的标示功能丰富多样。

In this study,we take General Purpose Written Language,which is the closest to Academic Chinese stylistically,as a reference,and employ a corpus-driven research paradigm to identify the linguistic features distinguishing Academic Chinese from General Purpose Written Language.By analyzing significant differences in word and punctuation frequencies between a self-constructed academic paper corpus and a newspaper corpus,several features of Academic Chinese are revealed:there is a higher proportion of monosyllabic words and a more formal stylistic tone compared to general written language;many high-frequency words have meanings and/or usages that differ from those of common words;attributive structure is numerous and complex;verb tense and aspect features are not frequently used;there is a frequent use of compound sentences with complex hierarchical structures and classical Chinese-style connectives;sentences are long,with high syntactic complexity;interrogative sentences are few,but there are many interrogative clauses serving as subjects or objects,with numerous alternative questions;the use of parentheses is extensive and diverse in function.