处置构式的主观评价功能与构式义的双重编码

The subjective evaluation function of the disposal construction and the double encoding of its constructional meaning

处置构式叙述一个事件时还对该事件做主观评价,本文据此提出构式义双重编码的假设,并从共时语法化角度探究处置构式和它双重编码机制的形成,从而溯源到控引—施果话语结构。人们使用这一结构时为了对其中施果事件做主观评价而进行语用推理,利用把控动词的选择使评价得以实现。但这样的评价还是依附性的,为了在叙述任何一个施果事件时都能自主地进行主观评价,必然趋势就是把控动词向“把”语法标记化,导致控施话语结构被重新分析为句法结构,双重编码的处置构式由此形成。本文只研究了处置构式中的原型构式,但提出了从原型出发研究整个处置构式集合的思路,关键环节就是原型构式和承衍构式之间的修辞构式。

The disposal construction expresses subjective evaluation while it states an event.In this paper we suggest a Double Encoding Hypothesis,and explore the disposal construction from a viewpoint of synchronic grammaticalization and the formation of its double encoding mechanism.We therefore trace back to the“control&introduce-apply force&.produce result”discoursal structure,with which people do pragmatic inference in order to express a subjective evaluation,and realize their evaluation by choosing governing verbs.However,such an evaluation is dependent.In order to express subjective evaluation independently while stating a causal event,there inevitably is a tendency to change from governing verbs to the grammatical marker ba(把),which leads the“control&introduce-apply force&.produce result”discoursal structure to be reanalyzed into a syntactic structure,and hence the formation of the double-encoded disposal construction.Though only discussing the prototype of the disposal construction,we propose thoughts to probe from the prototype to the whole set of the disposal constructions,and we believe that the key link lies in the rhetorical constructions which are between the prototypical and the inherited constructions.