2005-2020年间哈尼梯田土地利用与生态系统服务价值时空变化研究

Effects of Ecotourism Development on Ecosystem Service Value of Hani Terraces Fields from 2005 to 2020

哈尼梯田是我国西南山地独特的农业文化景观,于2013年入选世界文化遗产,随着生态旅游开发和退耕还林措施,哈尼梯田的土地利用类型和景观格局发生了显著变化,并对生态系统服务价值产生了影响。本文选取哈尼梯田世界文化遗产核心区的两个典型村落为研究对象,研究其在2005-2020年土地利用类型、景观格局及生态系统服务价值的变化,结果表明:(1)土地利用显著变化,其中林地和城镇建设用地迅速增加,草地和耕地面积减少;(2)景观破碎化程度下降,景观连通性增加,并由优势斑块支配;(3)生态系统服务价值明显增加,其中林地、水体的生态系统服务价值大幅提升,而耕地、草地有所下降;除食物生产外,其他生态系统服务类型价值量都有不同程度的增长;(4)研究区域生态系统服务价值整体呈南部高北部低,西南、西北、东南地区的生态系统服务价值均有明显增加;(5)生态系统服务价值对林地最为敏感,对水体最不敏感,林地对生态系统服务价值的贡献最大。研究认为合理的生态旅游开发和保护政策能够改善哈尼梯田的景观格局、提升其生态系统服务价值。

Hani terraced fields is a unique agricultural and cultural landscape in the mountainous ar⁃eas of southwestern China,which was selected as a World Heritage Site in 2013.With the develop⁃ment of ecotourism and measures to convert farmland to forests,the land use types and landscape patterns of Hani terraced fields have a significant change,and make an impact on the value of eco⁃system services.We selected two typical villages in the core area of Hani Terraced Fields World Cultural Heritage as the research objects,and studied the changes in land use types,landscape pat⁃terns,and ecosystem service values from 2005 to 2020.It shows that:(1)there are significant changes in land use,with a rapid increase in forest land and urban construction land,and a de⁃crease in grassland and arable land area;(2)the degree of landscape fragmentation decreases,land⁃scape connectivity increases,and is dominated by advantageous patches;(3)the ecosystem service value has significantly increased,with a significant increase in the ecosystem service value of forest land and water bodies,while farmland and grassland have decreased;except for food production,the value of other ecosystem services has increased to varying degrees;(4)the overall value of eco⁃system services in the research area is higher in the south and lower in the north,and the ecosystem service value in the southwest,northwest,and southeast regions has significantly increased;(5)the ecosystem service value is most sensitive to forest land and least sensitive to water bodies,and forest land has the greatest contribution to the ecosystem service value.It suggests that reasonable ecotour⁃ism development and protection policies can improve the landscape pattern of Hani terraced fields and enhance their ecosystem service value.