洪涝灾害对血吸虫病流行的影响及防控措施

The impact of flood disasters on the prevalence of schistosomiasis and its control measures

经过70余年的不懈努力,我国血吸虫病防治取得显著成效,血吸虫病疫情降至历史最低水平。2023年底,全国实现了血吸虫病传播阻断目标,但血吸虫病流行因素仍未发生根本性改变,全面实现消除血吸虫病目标仍面临诸多困难与挑战。洪涝灾害对血吸虫病流行产生较大影响,在一定程度上影响我国消除血吸虫病防治进程。本文阐述了洪涝灾害对钉螺扩散、粪便污染、人群接触疫水、血吸虫尾蚴分布以及人群血吸虫感染的影响,并根据洪涝灾害不同阶段(洪涝灾害前期、洪涝灾害期、洪涝灾害后期)灾情、人群行为、血吸虫感染等特点,提出了相应的血吸虫病防控措施。

After more than 70 years of unremitting efforts,China has achieved significant results in the prevention and control of schistosomiasis and the prevalence of schistosomiasis has dropped to the lowest level in history.By the end of 2023,the national goal of blocking the transmission of schistosomiasis has been achieved,but the factors affecting schistosomiasis transmission have not fundamentally changed,and there are still many difficulties and challenges to fully achieve the goal of eliminating schistosomiasis.Flood disasters may pose a great impact on the prevalence of schistosomiasis and even affect the progress of eliminating schistosomiasis.This paper elaborates the impact of flood disasters on the spread of oncomelanias,fecal contamination,human exposure to contaminated water,distribution of schistosomiasis cercariae and human schistosomiasis infection.The corresponding prevention and control measures are proposed,according to the characteristics of flood disasters in different stages(pre flood,flood period,post flood),such as disaster situation,human behavior,schistosomiasis infection,and so on.