经济发达地区农业生态效率对城乡收入差距的影响——以浙江省为例

Impacts of agricultural eco-efficiency on urban-rural income gap in economically developed areas:A case study of Zhejiang Province

为探究农业绿色转型对城乡收入差距的影响,基于浙江省11个设区市2007—2021年的面板数据,运用全局参比的超效率SBM模型、固定效应模型和中介效应模型,实证分析农业生态效率对城乡收入差距的影响及其作用机制。结果表明:1)2007—2021年浙江省及各设区市农业生态效率呈上升态势,各设区市农业生态效率的差异缩小且中高效率区的数量趋多。2007—2021年浙江省城乡收入差距呈逐年缩小趋势,其中丽水市的城乡收入差距最大,温州市最小。2)农业生态效率的提升能够缩小城乡收入差距。机制分析结果表明农业生态效率提升能够通过提高农产品价格和促进农村劳动力转移两种渠道缩小城乡收入差距。3)异质性分析表明,农业生态效率提升农村居民收入的效果优于城镇居民收入,有利于缩小城乡收入差距。4)农业生态效率分解出的规模效率对缩小城乡收入差距的作用显著,纯技术效率的影响不显著。因此需要加大财政支农力度,完善农业补贴政策,减少农业生产成本,并完善收入分配制度,提高农民在绿色农业发展成果中的经济分配比例,推动形成农民绝对收入水平提高与促进城乡收入差距缩小的协同并进格局。

In order to explore the impacts of agricultural green transformation on urban-rural income gap,based on the panel data of 11 prefecture-level cities in Zhejiang Province from 2007 to 2021,this study used the global reference super-efficiency SBM model,fixed effect model and mediating effect model to empirically analyze the impact of agricultural eco-efficiency on urban-rural income gap and its mechanism.The results showed that:1)From 2007 to 2021,the agricultural eco-efficiency of Zhejiang Province and its districts and cities was on the rise.The difference of agricultural eco-efficiency among districts and cities was narrowing down and the number of medium-high efficiency areas was increasing.From 2007 to 2021,the income gap between urban and rural areas in Zhejiang Province showed a decreasing trend year by year.Among them,the income gap between urban and rural areas in Lishui City was the largest and Wenzhou City was the smallest.2)The results of mechanism analysis showed that the improvement of agricultural eco-efficiency could narrow the urban-rural income gap by increasing the price of agricultural products and promoting the transfer of rural labor force.3)The results of heterogeneity analysis showed that the effect of agricultural eco-efficiency on improving rural residents‘income was better than that of urban residents’income,which was beneficial to narrow the income gap between urban and rural areas.4)The scale efficiency decomposed by agricultural eco-efficiency displayed a significant effect on narrowing the income gap between urban and rural areas,and the effect of pure technical efficiency was not significant.Therefore,it is necessary to increase financial support for agriculture,improve agricultural subsidy policies,reduce agricultural production costs,improve the income distribution system,increase the proportion of farmers in the economic distribution of green agricultural development results,and promote the formation of farmers'absolute income level and promote the narrowing of urban-rural income gap.