考虑建成环境和社会-心理因素的老年人休闲散步意向研究

Research on the intention of leisure-time walking in older adults that considers the built environment and social-psychological factors

我国刚刚正式迈入深度老龄化,老年友好型社会仍处于探索建设阶段,为弥补建成环境、心理状态、社会交往交互作用下对老年人休闲散步意向影响研究不足,本文选取60岁及以上老年人为研究对象,通过问卷调查获取数据,构建包含建成环境要素(可达性、道路质量、安全性)、心理状态因素(态度、主观规范、感知行为控制)及社会交往的结构方程模型,探究三者交互作用下对老年人休闲散步意向的影响研究,包括建成环境要素、心理状态因素及社会交往对老年人休闲散步意向的直接影响,以及建成环境要素通过心理状态因素和社会交往对老年人休闲散步意向的间接影响。基于路径假设结果中的标准化路径系数发现:可达性(0.099)、道路质量(0.079)、态度(0.318)、主观规范(0.089)、感知行为控制(0.312)及社会交往(0.150)对老年人休闲散步意向有直接显著影响,安全性未产生直接影响;可达性通过态度(0.075)、主观规范(0.016)、感知行为控制(0.055)及社会交往(0.029)对老年人休闲散步意向有间接显著影响,道路质量通过态度(0.039)、主观规范(0.015)、感知行为控制(0.028)及社会交往(0.020)对老年人休闲散步意向有间接显著影响,安全性未通过心理状态因素和社会交往产生间接影响。研究结果可为建成环境和社会-心理因素干预下老年人休闲散步方面研究提供理论依据,在保障老年人休闲散步出行顺畅和老年友好型社会建设方面具有指导意义。

China has officially entered the deep aging stage;however,it is still in the exploration and construction stage of becoming an age-friendly society.This study aims to address the deficiency of interactive impact research on the effects of built environment,psychological state,and social interaction on the intention of leisure-time walking in older adults.A questionnaire survey was conducted with older adults aged 60 years and above.The structural equation model was constructed,including built environment elements(accessibility,road quality,safety),psychological state factors(attitude,subjective norm,perceived behavior control)and social interaction,to explore the interaction impact of these three variables on the intention of leisure-time walking in older adults.We assessed the direct impact of built environment elements,psychological state factors,and social interaction on older adults’intention of leisure-time walking,and the indirect impact of built environment elements on older adults’intention of leisure-time walking through psychological state factors and social interaction.Results of the standardized path coefficient in the path hypothesis indicated that accessibility(0.099),road quality(0.079),attitude(0.318),subjective norms(0.089),perceived behavior control(0.312),and social interaction(0.150)have direct and significant effects on older adults’intention of leisure-time walking,but safety has no direct effect.Further,accessibility has indirect significant effects on older adults’intention of leisure-time walking through attitude(0.075),subjective norms(0.016),perceived behavior control(0.055),and social interaction(0.029);road quality has indirect significant effects on older adults’intention of leisure-time walking through attitude(0.039),subjective norms(0.015),perceived behavior control(0.028),and social interaction(0.020);and safety does not show an indirect effect through psychological state factors and social interaction.The results of this study provide theoretical evidence for the development of interventions focusing on built environment and social-psychological factors to improve leisure time walking in older adults.The findings also contribute to the smooth travel of leisure-time walking in older adults and the construction of an age-friendly society.