犬猫尿石症的碎石取石术研究进展

Research Progress on Lithotripsy and Stone Removal Surgery for Urolithiasis in Dogs and Cats

内窥镜是兽医临床的新兴外科技术,操作者使用长而薄、尖端带有摄像头和光源的内窥镜可以直接观察动物体腔和器官内部。内窥镜提供的视野范围和工作通道可用于诊断和治疗某些泌尿系统疾病。尿石症是犬、猫常见的泌尿系统疾病,目前临床已有相关的腔内治疗技术。本文着重讨论了肾镜、输尿管镜和膀胱镜在犬、猫尿石症的碎石取石术的具体应用。肾镜和输尿管镜可以观察肾脏和输尿管内部情况,适用于上泌尿道结石(特别是输尿管结石);膀胱镜可以观察尿道和膀胱内部情况,适用于下泌尿道结石。本文通过系统回顾内窥镜在犬、猫尿石症的碎石取石术的应用现状和研究进展,为尿石症的诊断和治疗提供参考。

Endoscopy is an emerging surgical technique in veterinary clinical practice,where the operator uses a long,thin endoscope equipped with a camera and light source at the tip to directly observe the internal cavities and organs of animals.The field of view and working channel provided by endoscopy can be used to diagnose and treat certain urinary system diseases.Urolithiasis is a common urinary system disease in dogs and cats,and there are now related endoscopic treatment techniques available in clinical practice.This article focuses on the specific application of nephroscopes,ureteroscopes,and cystoscopes in the lithotripsy and stone removal surgery for canine and feline urolithiasis.Nephroscopes and ureteroscopes allow observation of the kidney and ureter,making them suitable for upper urinary tract stones(especially ureteral stones).Cystoscopes are used to examine the urethra and bladder,making them ideal for lower urinary tract stones.This article systematically reviews the current application and research progress of endoscopy in lithotripsy and stone removal surgery for dogs and cats,providing a reference for the diagnosis and treatment of urolithiasis.