云南文山薄竹山山顶苔藓矮林物种组成与群落特征

Species Composition and Community Characteristics of Summit Mossy Dwarf Forests of Bozhu Mountain,Wenshan County,Yunnan,China

为了补充和完善我国西南地区山顶苔藓矮林的群落种类组成和结构特征,基于1 hm^(2)动态监测样地的群落调查数据,采用CTFS标准调查样地内胸径(DBH)≥1 cm的所有木本植物;从1 hm^(2)森林动态监测样地中选取10个(总计0.6 hm^(2),每个样方为20 m×30 m)标准植被样方,采用植物群落清查方法对样方内所有维管植物进行调查和统计;从物种组成特征、数量特征、主要优势树种的径级结构等角度入手,分析样地内的物种组成和群落结构特征。主要结果:(1)在1 hm^(2)动态样地中,DBH≥1 cm的木本植物共计20科32属42种3614株个体;在0.6 hm^(2)群落样地中,维管植物共计42科67属103种,其中树高≥3 m的乔木共计24种1536株个体。(2)厚叶杜鹃(Rhododendron sinofalconeri)在群落中占绝对优势,重要值比次优势物种的重要值大3~4倍。(3)整个群落年龄结构呈“L”型,但厚叶杜鹃以成年个体为优势而不同于其他优势种。(4)该群落由乔木层、灌木层、草本层和层间植物组成,命名为厚叶杜鹃-大花云南桤叶树-文山八角山顶苔藓矮林(Rhododendron sinofalconeri,Clethra delavayi var.yuiana,Illicium tsaii summit mossy dwarf forests)。云南文山薄竹山山顶苔藓矮林群落物种丰富、组成稳定、优势显著,更新状况良好。群落林冠外貌平整,处于成熟林状态。

To complement and improve the community composition and structural characteristics of the summit mossy dwarf forests in Southwest China,based on the community survey data of the 1 hm^(2)forest dynamic plot(FDP),the Center for Tropic Forest Sciences(CTFS)standard was used to investigate all woody trees with DBH≥1 cm in the plot.Then,ten standard plots(a total of 0.6 hm^(2),20 m×30 m each)were selected from the 1 hm^(2) FDP,and all vascular plants within the 0.6 hm^(2) plot were investigated and counted by plant community inventory.The species composition and community structure were analyzed by the aspects of species richness and quantitative characters,and the diameter class structure of the dominant tree species.The main results were as follows:(1)there were 3614 woody individuals from 42 species,32 genera,20 families,with DBH≥1 cm within the 1 hm^(2) FDP;in the 0.6 hm^(2) plot,there were 103 species of vascular plants in 42 families,67 genera and 1536 individuals of 24 woody species with height≥3 m;(2)Rhododendron sinofalconeri was,absolutely dominant in the community,with important values 3-4 times higher than those of the secondary dominant species;(3)The age structure of the whole community showed a“L”shape;however,Rhododendron sinofalconeri was dominant in adult individuals,being different from other dominant species;(4)The community was composed of tree,shrub and herb layers as well as epiphytes and parasitic plants,and named as Rhododendron sinofalconeri,Clethra delavayi var.yuiana,Illicium tsaii summit mossy dwarf forests.In the Bozhu Mountain,Wenshan county,Yunnan,China,the mossy dwarf forest community was rich in species,stable in composition,prominent in dominant species and good in their regeneration.The canopy appearance of the community was flat,and the community succession was in a mature forest state.