含钨粉体改性三维间隔连体织物复合材料γ射线屏蔽性能研究

Research on gamma ray shielding performance of tungsten powder modified 3D spacer fabric composites

核能会产生电离辐射,如X,γ射线,需采用屏蔽材料进行防护。传统的X射线和γ射线屏蔽材料存在重量大、易腐蚀、有毒和结构力学性能低等缺点,因此研制质轻、辐射性能优异、结构/功能一体化的新型复合材料是辐射防护技术发展的重要方向。根据各类含钨粉体的质量衰减系数理论计算值及密度,优选了氧化钨作为γ射线屏蔽填料,采用含钨粉体改性环氧树脂,并与玻璃纤维三维间隔连体织物复合形成具有夹层结构的纤维增强复合材料。考察了不同含量氧化钨对复合材料屏蔽60Co和137Csγ射线的能力及平压性能的影响。实验结果表明:氧化钨粉对复合材料的辐射屏蔽性能有显著的提升,提升程度与理论计算值相近;相同屏蔽率下,复合材料重量明显低于铁的重量;此外氧化钨也提高了连体织物复合材料的平压强度和平压模量。

Nuclear energy generates ionizing radiation,such as X-rays and gamma rays,which require shielding materials for protection.Traditional X-ray and gamma ray shielding materials have drawbacks such as high weight,susceptibility to corrosion,toxicity,and low structural mechanical properties.Therefore,developing new composite with light weight,excellent radiation performance,and integrated structure/function is an important direction for the development of radiation protection technology.Based on densities and the theoretical calculation values of the mass attenuation coefficients of various tungsten containing powders,tungsten oxide was selected as the gamma ray shielding filler.Tungsten containing powders were used to modify epoxy resin and composite with glass fiber three-dimensional(3D)spacer fabric to form a fiber-reinforced composite with sandwich structure.The influence of different contents of tungsten oxide on the shielding ability of composite for 60Co and 137Cs gamma rays and their flattening performance was investigated.The experimental results show that tungsten oxide powder significantly improves the radiation shielding performance of composite,and the degree of improvement is similar to the theoretical calculation value.Under the same shielding rate,the weight of composite is significantly lower than that of iron.In addition,tungsten oxide also improves the compressive strength and modulus of the 3D spacer fabric composites.