刑事诉讼涉案财物制度的问题与完善

The Problems and Improvement of the Property System Involved in Criminal Procedure

党的二十届三中全会提出“完善涉及公民人身权利强制措施以及查封、扣押、冻结等强制措施的制度”,完善涉案财物制度有助于充分回应司法实践需要,衔接国际刑事司法准则,实现中国式刑事诉讼法治发展目标。然而,由于立法保障与司法认知不足,涉案财物面临着强制措施适用不当、管理方式混乱、权属审查不清、判后执行困难等实践阻碍。涉案财物处置程序具有独立性,不应附随于定罪量刑的对人诉讼中,而应通过现代法治模式的重塑变革,革新涉案财物处置的理念、原则、方式,实现其独立、科学、文明价值。在下一轮《刑事诉讼法》修改时,应进一步完善对物强制措施体系、规范审前处置程序、明确涉案财物裁判标准、强化涉案财物追缴方式,为刑事诉讼涉案财物制度完善提供理论指引和制度框架,增强涉案财物处置程序的系统性与规范性。

At the Third Plenary Session of the 20~(th)Central Committee of the CPC,it was proposed to“improve the system of compulsory measures involving citizens'personal rights and compulsory measures such as sealing up,detaining and freezing”.Improving the system of property involved in cases will help fully respond to the needs of judicial practice,connect with international criminal justice norms,and achieve the goal of developing the rule of law in criminal proceedings with Chinese characteristics.However,due to insufficient legislative protection and judicial awareness,property involved in the criminal case faces practical obstacles such as inappropriate application of compulsory measures,chaotic management methods,unclear ownership review,and difficulties in the post-judgment enforcement.The procedure for disposing of property involved in a criminal case should be independent and not be attached to personal litigation for conviction and sentencing.Instead,it should be reshaped and reformed through modern legal models,innovating the concepts,principles,and methods of disposing of property involved,and realizing its independent,scientific,and civilized value.In the next amendment to the Criminal Procedure Law,it is necessary to further improve the system of compulsory measures against property,standardize the pre-trial disposal procedures,clarify the standards for determining the amount of property,strengthen the methods of recovering the amount of property involved in the case,provide theoretical guidance and institutional framework for the improvement of the system of property involved in criminal proceedings,and enhance the systematicity and normativity of the procedure for disposing of property involved in the case.