公共数据资产质押的理论澄清与规范构造

Theoretical Clarification and Normative Construction of Pledge of Public Data Assets

公共数据资产质押作为一种担保融资的新方式,其本质是权利质押,质权客体是对公共数据的加工使用权。出质人包括公共数据资产运营公司和具有公共服务职能的组织,质权人则应限定为银行业金融机构。出质人以担保自身债务为限设立质权,质权自办理出质登记时设立,登记仅能发挥设权效力、警示功能的作用。目前,登记可在动产融资统一登记公示系统中办理,未来可由国家数据局或其授权的专门职能组织经形式审查后办理登记。公共数据资产质押贷款只能用于数据资产价值利用领域,出质人以公共数据资产质押后应及时向授权机构或数据主管部门备案。由于拍卖、变卖受到一定条件的限制,可充分利用质押财产的使用价值,通过强制管理的方式实现质权。

The pledge of public data assets,as a new form of secured financing,is essentially a pledge of rights.The object of the pledge is the right to process and use public data.There are two types of pledgors:public data asset operating companies and organizations with public service functions.The pledgee is limited to banking financial institutions.The pledgor establishes the pledge to the extent that it secures its own debt.The establishment of pledge depends on registration,which can only serve as the right of creation and the warning function.At present,it can be registered in the uniform movable property financing registry publication system.In the future,registration can be carried out by the National Data Administration or its authorized specialized functional organization after formal examination.Public data asset pledge loans can only be used in the field of data asset value utilization.The pledgor should promptly file with the authorized institution or data authority after pledging public data assets.Since auctions and sales are restricted by certain conditions,the use value of pledged property can be fully utilized to realize the right of pledge through compulsory management.