典型7.62 mm狙击弹对有生目标的杀伤效应

Killing Effect of a Typical 7.62 mm Sniper Bullet on Live Target

为了研究典型7.62 mm狙击弹在不同距离上对有生目标造成的杀伤效应,采用自适应光滑流体动力学方法(Adaptive Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics,ASPH)构建数值计算模型,获得不同距离上该弹丸对弹道明胶造成的瞬时空腔尺寸,并与相应实验结果进行验证;基于自主开发的人体易损性评估软件,获得该狙击弹在200 m、400 m和800 m上命中人体胸部时可能造成的损伤严重度。研究结果表明:ASPH方法兼顾了计算精度和计算效率,适用于求解侵彻大变形问题;相同侵彻速度下攻角大的弹丸在明胶中翻滚更早,受到的加速度作用力更大,靶标厚度对弹丸运动过程和杀伤效果也有着重要影响;2°攻角下,射击距离为200 m时造成的瞬时空腔直径分别为400 m和800 m时的1.14倍和1.44倍;2°攻角下,7.62 mm狙击弹200 m时侵彻初始阶段加速度峰值分别为400 m和800 m时的1.63倍和3.8倍;基于人体易损性评估软件,当射击距离分别为200 m、400 m和800 m时,命中人体胸部剑突右上方情况下造成的最大简明创伤评分分别为6(死亡)、5(危重伤)和4(严重),新损伤严重度评分分别为75、57和48,随着命中距离的增加,人员死亡概率从96.8%下降到60.3%。

To study the killing effect of typical 7.62 mm sniper bullet on live targets at different distances,a numerical computational model is constructed using adaptive smoothed particle hydrodynamics(ASPH)method to obtain the sizes of temporary cavities caused by the bullets on ballistic gelatin at different distances and validated with the corresponding experimental results.The severity of damage that a sniper bullet may cause when it hits the human chest at 200 m,400 m and 800 m is obtained based on the self-developed human vulnerability assessment software.The results show that the ASPH method is suitable for solving large penetration deformation problems with a balance between computational accuracy and efficiency,the bullet with a larger angle of attack rolls earlier in the gelatin at the same penetration velocity and is subjected to greater acceleration forces,and the target thickness also has an important influence on the motion and killing effect of bullet.The size of instantaneous cavity caused by 7.62 mm sniper bullet is 1.14 and 1.44 times larger than those at 400 m and 800 m,respectively,at 2°angle of attack.The peak acceleration of the initial phase of penetration of 7.62 mm sniper bullet at 200 m is 1.63 and 3.8 times higher than those at 400 m and 800 m,respectively,at 2°angle of attack.When the upper right side of humman xiphoid process is hitted at 200 m,400 m and 800 m,the MAIS injury scores are 6(fatal),5(critical injury),and 4(severe),and the NISS scores are 75,57,and 48,respectively,and the probability of death decreases from 96.8%to 60.3%with the increase of hitting distance.