半干旱地区红松成熟果实生长指标分析

Growth Index Analysis of Mature Fruits of Pinus koraiensis in the Hunshandake Sandy Land

樟子松(Pinus sylvestris)是科尔沁沙地、浑善达克沙地优良治沙造林树种,然而,樟子松人工幼龄林经济效益较低。以樟子松为砧木嫁接红松(Pinus koraiensis),提供樟子松人工林经营新思路。2019年克什克腾旗黄榆沟治沙造林以樟子松嫁接红松,2021年部分红松结实。2023年上半年,包括克什克腾旗在内的赤峰市大部地区遭遇极端干旱天气,导致红松球果产量下降。2023年10月,采用样线调查法,调查红松结实植株生长及结实情况,结果表明,采用经验分组法,以成熟果果长是否大于11 cm,将果实分为两组,两组树果长、果径平均值差异极显著,其他指标平均值差异不显著,这说明红松球果大小主要受遗传因素影响。采用聚类分析法,分为大果、中果、小果3组,除2019年接穗高生长、2023年接穗高生长和成熟果数量方差差异不显著外,中等果长的嫁接树树高、砧木冠幅、接口高度、接穗冠幅、2020年高生长和2021年高生长6个指标平均值与大果、小果差异极显著。在干旱条件下,中等果长嫁接树在营养生长上优于大果形或小果形嫁接树。对樟子松嫁接红松成熟球果果长、果径和数量调查,有助于区分红松性别型或选育特异类型。

Pinus sylvestris var.mongolica is an excellent species for sand control and afforestation in the Khorchin and Hunshandake sandy lands.However,the economic benefits of young artificial forests of Pinus sylvestris var.mongolica are relatively low.Grafting Pinus koraiensis onto Pinus sylvestris var.mongolica rootstocks provides a new approach to managing these forests.In 2019,Pinus koraiensis was grafted onto Pinus sylvestris var.mongolica at the Huangyugou Sand Control and Afforestation Farm in Keshiketeng Qi.Some Pinus koraiensis began bearing fruit in 2021.In the first half of 2023,most areas of Chifeng,including Keshiketeng Qi,experienced extreme drought,leading to a decrease in the yield of Pinus koraiensis cones.In October 2023,a line transect survey was conducted to investigate the growth and fruiting conditions of the grafted Pinus koraiensis.Results showed that using an empirical grouping method,fruits were classified into two groups based on whether the mature fruit length exceeded 11 cm.The average values of fruit length and diameter between the two groups showed significant differences,while other indicators did not.This indicates that the size of Pinus koraiensis cones is mainly influenced by genetic factors.Using cluster analysis,fruits were divided into three groups:large,medium,and small.Except for the variance in height growth of the scion in 2019 and 2023 and the number of mature fruits,the average values of six indicators,including the height of grafted trees with medium-sized fruits,rootstock crown width,graft junction height,scion crown width,height growth in 2020,and height growth in 2021,showed significant differences compared to large and small fruits.Under drought conditions,grafted trees with medium-sized fruits showed better vegetative growth than those with large or small fruits.Investigating the length,diameter,and quantity of mature Pinus koraiensis cones grafted onto Pinus sylvestris var.mongolica helps distinguish the gender type of Pinus koraiensis or select specific types for breeding.