《民法典》背景下民商法发展空间与路径研究

Research on the Development Space and Path of Civil and Commercial Law under the Background of China’s Civil Code

传统民法典编纂促进了民事立法的体系化,但同时也因外在体系封闭性而导致后续私法发展受限。我国民法典作为一部面向当下的21世纪民法典,置身于更加复杂的且急剧变化的社会经济语境,以民商合一为体例,采取了不同于传统民法典的特殊开放体系,较好地克服了形式化封闭体系的弊端,为后续民商法发展预留较大空间。申言之,我国民法典在体系设计上,在采用概念形式化体系的同时,不仅采取了宣示目的、明确原则、介入功能化、予以动态设计等做法,还创造运用了设定大量立法授权规定的立法技术,进而演化为一种极具弹性的特殊开放体系。这种特殊开放体系设计,对后续民商法发展问题在立法和适用两个方面产生了积极效应。一方面,不仅使得民法典自身修改和其他民商事法律制定更加容易,而且还因大量立法授权规定带来了后续立法的极大便利,因而通过立法路径发展民商法的空间巨大。另一方面,导致在适用中出现方法论的转型,解释机制更加灵活,并由文本论转向价值融贯解释论、功能解释论和动态解释论,法律补充比以前更加易于适用,由谨慎而转为积极,再加上我国最高人民法院享有极其独特的司法解释权,这些也使得民法典适用本身兼具前所未有的创制发展效应。

The compilation of traditional civil codes has promoted the systematization of civil legislation,but at the same time,the closure of the external system has limited the subsequent development of private law.As a 21st century civil code facing the present,the Civil Code of our country is situated in a more complex and rapidly changing socio-economic context.Taking the integration of civil and commercial law as an example,it adopts a special open system different from traditional civil codes,effectively overcoming the drawbacks of formal closed systems and reserving significant space for the subsequent development of civil and commercial law.In other words,in terms of system design,China’s Civil Code not only adopts a conceptual formal system,but also adopts methods such as declaring the purpose,clarifying principles,intervening in functionalization,and dynamically designing.At the same time,it also creates and applies legislative techniques that set a large number of legislative authorization provisions,thus evolving into a highly flexible and special open system.This special open system design has had a positive effect on the subsequent development of civil and commercial law in terms of legislation and application.On the one hand,it not only makes it easier to modify the Civil Code itself and formulate other civil and commercial laws,but also brings great convenience to subsequent legislation due to the large number of legislative authorization provisions.Therefore,there is huge space for the development of civil and commercial law through the legislative path.On the other hand,it has led to a methodological transformation in application,which not only makes the interpretation mechanism more flexible and shifts from text theory to value integration interpretation theory,functional interpretation theory,and dynamic interpretation theory,but also makes legal supplements more easily applicable than before,shifting from cautious to active.In addition,the Supreme People’s Court of China enjoys an extremely unique judicial interpretation power,which also makes the application of the Civil Code itself have unprecedented creative and developmental effects.