内蒙古地区生态清洁小流域综合治理分析

Analysis of Comprehensive Management of Ecological Clean Small Watersheds in Inner Mongolia

乌拉特前旗某小流域位于黄河水系,受风蚀和水蚀影响严重,水土流失问题突出。为了解决这一问题,以乌拉特前旗某小流域为研究区域,通过分区治理策略进行了生态清洁小流域综合治理。项目实施前,对小流域内水土保持、沟(河)道、人居环境、污染源等方面进行了详细调查,基于调查结果,项目划分为3个不同分区,分别实施针对性的治理措施。沟道整治区位于小流域上游,主要采取沟头防护、沟道治理、护坡护岸以及绿化美化等措施进行治理;人居环境整治区位于居民点周边,重点解决水土流失、污染、生活污水垃圾等问题,采取工程措施和林草措施进行治理;生态自然修复区多为荒草地,主要采用封育和补植补种进行生态修复。生态清洁小流域综合治理项目在乌拉特前旗某小流域的实施取得了显著成效,有效改善了生态环境,提升了居民生活品质,并为当地带来了社会、经济和生态效益的全面提升。

A small watershed in Urad Front Banner is located in the Yellow River system and is severely affected by wind and water erosion,resulting in prominent soil erosion problems.In order to solve this problem,taking a small watershed in Urad Front Banner as the research area,this paper conducts comprehensive management of ecological clean small watersheds through zoning governance strategies.Before the implementation of the project,a detailed investigation was conducted on soil and water conservation,ditches(rivers),living environment,pollution sources,and other aspects in the small watershed.Based on the investigation results,the project was divided into three different zones and targeted governance measures were implemented.The channel improvement area is located in the upstream of a small watershed.Measures are adopted such as channel head protection,channel management,slope protection and bank protection,as well as greening and beautification for treatment;The living environment improvement area is located around residential areas,with a focus on solving problems such as soil erosion,pollution,domestic sewage and garbage,and adopting engineering measures and forest and grass measures for governance;Ecological natural restoration areas are mostly barren grasslands,mainly using enclosure and replanting for ecological restoration.The implementation of the ecological clean small watershed comprehensive management project in a small watershed in Urad Front Banner has achieved significant results,effectively improving the ecological environment,enhancing the quality of residents'life,and bringing comprehensive social,economic,and ecological benefits to the local area.