近50年粤港澳大湾区旅游气候舒适度分析

Study on Tourism Climate Comfort in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area in the Past 50 Years

气候舒适度在公众健康、能源消耗、城市规划、旅游休闲等诸多领域对人类社会有重要影响。利用粤港澳大湾区1971-2020年逐日气象数据,对温湿指数、风效指数、着衣指数及其综合指数进行评价,为气候资源评价提供科学依据。研究显示:①温湿指数和风效指数整体呈上升趋势,着衣指数和综合舒适指数呈下降趋势,但肇庆、广州、东莞和惠州的风效指数呈下降趋势,江门、中山、珠海和深圳则呈上升趋势,但整个区域风效指数呈现上升趋势;②粤港澳大湾区年平均较舒适以上等级天数在130~146 d。气候舒适期在年内分布呈“V”形,1-4月份、11-12月份的较舒适以上等级的天数相对集中,月均天数达到18 d以上,其中12月份最多达到24~27 d;③从舒适期的变化来看,温湿指数、风效指数、着衣指数年均舒适期存在明显差异,温湿指数舒适率最低,风效指数舒适率最高,年均综合舒适率为38.35%。

Climate comfort has an important impact on human society in many fields such as public health,energy consumption,urban planning,tourism and leisure.This paper evaluates the temperature and humidity index,wind efficiency index,clothing index and their composite indices using the day-by-day meteorological data of Guangdong,Hong Kong and Macao Greater Bay Area from 1971 to 2020,in order to provide a scientific basis for the evaluation of climate resources.The study shows that:①the temperature and humidity index and the wind efficiency index show an overall increasing trend,and the clothing index and the composite comfort index show a decreasing trend,but the wind efficiency index of Zhaoqing,Guangzhou,Dongguan and Huizhou shows a decreasing trend,and the wind efficiency index of Jiangmen,Zhongshan,Zhuhai and Shenzhen shows an increasing trend,but the wind efficiency index of the whole region shows an increasing trend;②the average number of days above comfort level in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area is between 130 to 146 days.The distribution of climate comfort period during the year is in the shape of“V”,and the days above the comfort level are relatively concentrated in January-April and November-December,with the average monthly days reaching more than 18 days,of which the maximum is 24-27 days in December.③from the change of comfort period,the average annual comfort period of temperature and humidity index,wind efficiency index and clothing index had obvious differences.The comfort rate of temperature and humidity index was the lowest.The comfort rate of wind efficiency index was the highest,and the average annual comprehensive comfort rate was 38.35%.