大连市金普新区以南地区生态网络构建与优化研究

Construction and Optimization of Ecological Network in the South of Jinpu New District of Dalian City

以大连市金普新区以南地区(除旅顺口区)为研究对象,GIS技术支撑下以结构性生态网络构建为优化手段,基于电路理论的原理和方法,构建生态源地-生态廊道-生态节点为框架的生态网络。根据源地的中心性、成本加权距离与路径长度比值(LCP)等因素对生态源地、生态廊道进行分类,选取出障碍点和夹点,以此确定生态网络构建的重点区域,并提出场地尺度的优化建议。结果表明:①共识别生态源地67处,生态源地与自然保护区和各类森林公园的重合度较高,其中具有高度中心性的生态源地面积为80.95 km^(2),占总生态源地面积的13.67%;②共识别出研究区生态廊道151条,潜在生态廊道35条,研究区北部廊道分布较多且阻力值低,南部廊道较少且阻力值高;③共发现120处生态节点,包括114处夹点和6处障碍点,主要分布在研究区的南部。构建出大连市金普新区以南地区生态网络,生态网络的连通性在一定程度上受生态障碍点和生态夹点影响而下降,将生态夹点和障碍点作为生态修复的区域,提出了生态修复的优化方案。

The study area is the region of Dalian south of Jinpu New Area,excluding Lushunkou District.Using GIS technology to support the construction of a structural ecological network as an optimization tool,an ecological network of ecological sources,ecological corridors,and ecological nodes is built using the concepts and techniques of circuit theory.In order to identify the critical areas for the construction of an ecological network and present optimization recommendations at the site scale,the ecological source and ecological corridor are categorized based on the centrality of the source,cost-weighted distance to path length ratio(LCP)and other factors,and the obstacle and pinch points are chosen.The results show that①a total of 67 ecological source sites were identified,with a high degree of overlap between the ecological source sites and nature reserves and various types of forest parks,among which the ecological source sites with a high degree of centrality cover an area of 80.95 km^(2),accounting for 13.67%of the total ecological source site area.②There are 151 ecological corridors and 35 potential ecological corridors in the study area by consensus elsewhere.The northern portion of the study area has a higher concentration of corridors with low resistance values,while the southern section has fewer corridors with high resistance values.③A total of 120 ecological nodes were found,including 114 pinch points and 6 obstacle points,mainly distributed in the southern part of the study area.The ecological network in the south of Jinpu New District of Dalian was constructed,and the connectivity of the ecological network decreased to a certain extent due to the influence of ecological obstacle points and ecological pinch points.The ecological pinch points and ecological pinch points were taken as ecological restoration areas,and the optimization scheme of ecological restoration was proposed.