减氮配施水溶性肥对烤烟氮吸收及产质量的影响

Effects of Nitrogen Reduction Combined with Application of Water-Soluble Fertilizer on Nitrogen Uptake and Yield Quality of Flue-cured Tobacco

为了探究减氮配施水溶性肥在云南山地烟区的可行性,以烤烟品种红花大金元为试验材料,设置对照组1(CK1,不施氮肥)、对照组2(CK2,当地常规施氮追肥)、当地常规施氮量下水溶性肥替代常规追肥(T1)、基肥减氮15%条件下水溶性肥替代常规追肥(T2)、追肥减氮15%条件下水溶性肥替代常规追肥(T3)5个处理,在云南保山昌宁进行田间试验,分析氮肥减量施用后水溶性肥替代常规追肥对土壤氮素形态、烟株氮素吸收、烤烟产质量的影响。结果表明:与CK2相比,T2处理烟株的氮吸收量增加18.15%,氮素利用率提高15.50百分点,产量提高15.85%,产值提高26.22%;T3处理烟株的氮吸收量增加10.02%,氮素利用率提高9.59百分点,产量提高4.07%,产值提高12.16%;减氮配施水溶性肥还改善了烤后烟叶常规化学成分组成,提高了烟叶协调性。在本试验中,基肥减氮配施水溶性肥处理的烤后烟叶综合得分最高,且其产量和产值提升明显,适宜在云南山地烟区推广使用。

In order to investigate the feasibility of nitrogen reduction combined with application of water-soluble fertilizer in mountainous tobacco areas in Yunnan,using the roasted tobacco variety Honghua Dajinyuan as the test material,and five treatments of control group 1(CK1,no nitrogen fertilizer),control group 2(CK2,local routine nitrogen fertilization),water-soluble fertilizer replacing conventional follow-up fertilizer with local routine nitrogen fertilization(T1),basal fertilizer nitrogen reduction 15%under water-soluble fertilizer instead of conventional fertilizer(T2),and 15%nitrogen reduction under water-soluble fertilizer instead of conventional fertilizer(T3)were set up to conduct a field trial in Changning,Baoshan,Yunnan Province to analyze the effects of water-soluble fertilizer instead of conventional fertilizer on soil nitrogen morphology,nitrogen uptake of tobacco plants,and the quality of roasted tobacco production after nitrogen fertilizer reduction application.The results showed that compared with CK2,T2 treatment increased nitrogen uptake by 18.15%,nitrogen utilization by 15.50%percentage point,yield by 15.85%,and production value by 26.22%,while T3 treatment increased nitrogen uptake by 10.02%,nitrogen utilization by 9.59%percentage point,yield by 4.07%,and production value by 12.16%.At the same time,nitrogen reduction with water-soluble fertilizer also improved the conventional chemical composition of tobacco after baking and improved the coordination of tobacco.In this experiment,the base fertilizer nitrogen re duction with water-soluble fertilizer treatment of post-baking tobacco leaves has the highest comprehensive score,the most obvious improvement in yield and production value,which is more suitable for the popularization and use in Yunnan mountainous tobacco areas.