香菇中嘌呤和香菇嘌呤研究进展

Research Progress on the Purine and Eritadenine in Lentinula edodes

香菇作为我国产量最高的食用菌,含有丰富的营养和活性物质,具有较高的食用和药用价值,其中含有的嘌呤和香菇嘌呤两类物质已被证实与人体健康有关。然而这两类物质对人体健康具有截然不同的影响。嘌呤与人体尿酸合成代谢有关,摄入过多易造成尿酸水平升高进而引起痛风等症状,香菇也因其含有嘌呤,受到部分消费者的抵触,阻碍了其产业的发展。香菇嘌呤则与人体血脂合成调控有关,具有降血脂的功效,还有预防血栓及血管疾病、抗变、解毒等功效,是一种有益人体健康的物质。该研究综述了香菇中嘌呤的分布、分离、检测以及与人体健康的关系,探讨并明确香菇中嘌呤成分对尿酸的影响;并综述了香菇嘌呤的制备方法和药理活性,以期为香菇嘌呤的开发利用提供参考。

As an edible fungus with the highest yield in China,Lentinula edodes is rich in nutrition and active substances,and has high edible and medicinal values,with purine and eritadenine having confirmed relations to human health.However,these two kinds of substances have completely different effects on human health.Purine is related to human’s uric acid anabolism,and excessive intake of purine tends to increase the uric acid level and cause symptoms such as gout.As a result L.edodes is resisted by some consumers due to its purine content,which has hindered the development of such an industry.Eritadenine is related to the synthesis and regulation of human blood lipids,exhibits a blood lipid-lowering,thrombosis-preventing,vascular diseases-preventing,antidegeneration,detoxifying and other effects,thereby being recognized as a kind of substance beneficial to human health.In this paper,the distribution,separation and determination of purine in Lentinus edodes and its relationship with human health are reviewed,and the effects of purine components in Lentinus edodes on uric acid are explored and clarified.The preparation methods and pharmacological activities of eritadenine are reviewed in order to provide a reference for the development and utilization of eritadenine.