世界自然遗产保护与可持续发展的国际经验评析——以美国和英国为例

Evaluation of international experience in world natural heritage conservation and sustainable development and its reference to China: take the United States and the United Kingdom as examples

【目的】我国拥有全世界数量最多的世界自然遗产。尽管我国相关的保护机构与法律法规较多,但对我国自然遗产的保护仍需要进一步完善。借鉴不同国家,特别是发达国家的世界自然遗产保护经验,对提升中国的遗产保护发展水平,让人类共同的财富世代相传意义重大。【方法】采用文献研究法收集了美国和英国在世界自然遗产保护方面的相关案例与经验,基于各自国家的异同点,提出对中国具有重要借鉴意义的宝贵经验。【结果】研究分析了美国、英国的世界自然遗产保护与管理经验,对美国和英国的保护法律框架、管理体系、社区参与和人才支持等方面的做法进行全面梳理。【结论】借鉴美国、英国的世界自然遗产保护经验,中国未来可进一步建立完善相关法律法规体系,强化管理,统筹规划布局,建立多方共赢机制,培养专业人才队伍,提高人才待遇,合理分配偏远地区遗产地人才需要。

Objectives China possesses the largest number of World Natural Heritage sites in the world.Despite the existence of various protection agencies and legal regulations,there is a pressing need for enhancements in the conservation of China's natural heritage.Drawing on the preservation experiences of different countries,especially developed ones,is of great significance to enhance the level of heritage protection in China and ensure the intergenerational transmission of this commonwealth of humanity.Methods This study employed a literature review to collect relevant cases and experiences in World Natural Heritage protection from the United States and the United Kingdom.Based on an analysis of the similarities and differences between the two countries,the study proposed valuable insights that have important reference significance for China.Results This paper analyzed the experiences of the United States and the United Kingdom in the protection and management of World Natural Heritage sites.The study comprehensively reviewed the related experiences from various aspects,including the legal framework,management systems,community involvement,and talent support.Conclusions By learning from the heritage protection experiences of the United States and the United Kingdom,China can further establish a comprehensive legal system,strengthen management frameworks,plan integrally,and build multi-stakeholder win-win mechanisms.Additionally,China should focus on cultivating a specialized talent pool,improving talent remuneration,and reasonably allocating personnel for heritage sites in remote areas.