绿色自由主义的要义探论与哲学批判——基于政治经济学批判视域

Theoretical Research and Philosophical Critique of Green Liberalism-Based on the Critical Perspective of Political Economy

绿色自由主义从新自由主义的私有化、市场化和去政府干预理念出发,强调产权、市场在解决生态问题中的决定性作用,要求将自然资源全盘私有化和市场化、取消政府对自然环境的管制。这一生态思潮将环境主张溯源于英国古典自由主义,从洛克、斯密等的财产权理论、市场理论中挖掘某些生态意蕴,认为通过确立清晰产权和建立高效市场来实现外在性的内在化、将社会成本转化为个别成本,就能获得兼顾经济增长与环境保护的生态实践成效。然而,要真正认识造成生态问题的根源并找到解决问题的途径,必须返回绿色自由主义所辩护的资本主义生产关系,研究资本和生态的内在关联。从政治经济学批判的视角看,古典自由主义非但不具有生态意蕴反而蕴含滋生生态危机的逻辑预设,绿色自由主义若付诸实践会导致普遍的“私地悲剧”,使自然成为“资本库”及造成“灾难性的冲突”。

Starting from the neoliberal concepts of privatization,marketization and de-government intervention,green liberalism emphasizes the decisive role of property rights and the market in solving ecological problems,and calls for the wholesale privatization and marketization of natural resources and the elimination of governmental control over the natural environment.This ecological trend traces its environmental advocacy back to British classical liberalism,and mines certain ecological implications from the property rights and market theories of Locke and Smith,believing that by establishing clear property rights and establishing efficient markets to internalize externalities and transform social costs into individual costs,it will be possible to achieve ecological practice that balances economic growth and environmental protection.However,in order to truly understand the fundamental causes of ecological problems and find ways to solve them,it is necessary to return to the capitalist relations of production defended by green liberalism and study the intrinsic connection between capital and ecology.From the perspective of political economy criticism,classical liberalism does not have ecological implications,but rather contains logical presuppositions that breed ecological crises,and green liberalism,if put into practice,will lead to a generalized""tragedy of the private land",turning nature into a"reservoir of capital"and causingg"catastrophic conflicts".