“两个转向”中伽达默尔成为伽达默尔

Gadamer Became Gadamer:“The Two Turns”

要理解伽达默尔,就不能只讲伽达默尔,而是需要将其思想置于近代以来思想文化“两个转向”的整体脉络与场域中来分析与定位。晚年伽达默尔在其《伽达默尔著作集》第10卷前言中,总结性地提出了其思想是论述向“解释学的转向”和“实践哲学的转向”的表述。“两个转向”是伽达默尔十分重要的理论洞见和思想史概括,既是其本人学术思想的实质性描述,也是欧洲近代以来思想文化领域所兴起和展开的重大转向性论断。正是在“两个转向”中,伽达默尔成为伽达默尔,两个转向彰显出伽达默尔对于解释学和实践哲学的重大推进与创造性意义。解释学去神学化和哲学化使哲学解释学作为一门哲学理论成为可能,理解成为人的“此在”的存在方式,解释学本质性地与实践哲学互涵益彰、融为一体,哲学观发生了实质性的重大转变,哲学不再诉诸一种知识性的论证和结论,而根本上成为了事物意义理解的普遍性要求的无限反思任务。

To understand Gadamer,we need to analyze his thoughts in the overall context of""the two turns"of thought and culture since modern times.In his preface to Volume 10 of the Collection of Works in his later years,Gadamer summed up that his thoughts were expressed as"the Hermeneutic Turn"'and"the Practical Philosophical Turn"(die Wendung zur Hermeneutik und insbesondere zur praktischen Philosophie)."The two turns"is not only a substantive description of Gadamer's own academic thoughts,but also a significant expression that has emerged and developed in the ideological and cultural fields in modern Europe.It is in the ideological development of"the two turns"that Gadamer became Gadamer,which shows Gadamer's great promotion and creative significance to hermeneutics and practical philosophy.The de-theologizing and philosophizing of hermeneutics make it possible for philosophical hermeneutics to become a philosophical theory,and for understanding to become the way of existence of the"Dasein"of human beings.Hermeneutics and practical philosophy are mutually and essentially reinforcing and integrated,and the philosophical outlook undergoes a substantial and significant transformation,no longer appealing to an intellectual argumentation and conclusion,but basically becoming an infinite task of reflection on the universal requirements of the rational existence of human beings in terms of the openness,participation,and practicality of the understanding of the meaning of things.