从凝视画面到操作画面:对军用无人机界面的姿态现象学研究

From Gazing Images to Operational Images:A Study on Military UAVs'Interface from the Perspective of Phenomenology of Gestures

无人机的应用改变了当代战争行动、记忆和再现的方式——战争本身被直接传播化而非被当作内容纳入传播。但以往的媒介研究对军用无人机的关切陷入了视觉中心主义话语,这种话语将电影的经典屏幕装置作为潜在的理论范式,从而遮蔽了军用无人机作为行动装置的维度和其中身体的重要角色。本文通过对军用无人机界面装置及操作的姿势现象分析,揭示出一种不同的人、图像与装置的具身关系。界面中的操作统摄了装置和操作者身体的多重功能,实现了身体远程在场的行动,因而无法用视觉的监视概括,而是一种“瞄准”的具身实践。在以操作图像为扭结的反馈机制中,操作者通过身体操作和视觉反馈在图像中的同步而认同于装置,其身体的在场贯穿了多重空间,形成了一种分布式的新型主体。由此,过去被视觉媒介分割的视觉与触觉重新统合于整体性的身体中,视觉超然、唯一的地位被取消。在操作中,图像抽离为朝向人体感官透明的表面,同时也屏蔽了诠释性的技术代码文本。操作的统摄不仅重构了媒介的感官配置,还显示了技术发展带来的一种新的人-图像-世界关系。

The use of UAVs has changed the execution of action,memory,and representation of contemporary warfare,which involves in communication directly without serving as any content.However,previous media studies on military UAVs have employed an ocularcentrism discourse which adopts the classical screen apparatus of the film as its paradigm and obscured the UAVs'role as action apparatus and the body's important part in it.Through the phenomenological analysis on the interface apparatus and the operation gesture of the military UAVs,this study tries to reveal a different kind of embodied relationship between humans,images and apparatus.The operation in a interface reunifies the multiple functions of apparatus and the operator,and realizes the telepresence of the body,which should be interpreted as a embodied practice of aiming instead of being summarized by the optical surveillance.In this feedback mechanism with operational images as the knot,the operator identifies with the apparatus through the synchronization of body operation and visual feedback in the image,and the presence of the body runs through multiple spaces,forming a new kind of subject,a distributed subject.As a result,vision and touch,previously separated by visual media,are reunified into the body as a whole,so vision falls from a transcendent and exclusive status.In the operation,images hide as a transparent surface to the human senses,while also shielding the hermeneutic technical code text.The unification of operation not only reconstructs the sensory configuration of media,but also shows a new human-image-world relationship which is brought by the technological development.