基于收益最大化的高速铁路客票定价应用研究

Study on the Application of High-speed Railway Ticket Pricing Based on Revenue Maximization

目前我国高速铁路客票的定价模式相对单一,在市场经济体制改革下缺乏灵活的定价方法,使高速铁路运输企业的经济收益及客运服务水平受到较大影响,因此提出收益管理视角下的高速铁路客票动态定价策略,旨在降低运输企业的经济成本、提高运营收益。本文建立了基于收益最大化的客票定价模型,首先通过分析旅客在旅行过程中的各项费用因素得出客票收入模型,根据关键节点的客流需求和客流波动情况确定基础票价;其次从列车客座率和旅客购票规律两方面入手,定量并定性给出了动态票价调整方案;最后选取武广高铁为实证分析对象,通过层次分析法对票价参数进行标定,分析其票价波动带来的收益变化情况,在客运量和既有运力不变的前提下以提高收益为目标,验证了定价模型和动态票价调整方案的可行性。

At present,the pricing model of high-speed railway tickets in China is relatively single,and there is a lack of flexible pricing methods under the reform of the market economy system,which greatly affects the economic benefits and passenger service levels of high-speed railway transport enterprises.This paper establishes a ticket pricing model based on revenue maximization,firstly by analyzing the various cost factors of passengers in the travel process,the ticket revenue model is obtained,and the basic fare is determined according to the passenger flow demand and passenger flow fluctuations at key nodes.Secondly,starting from the two aspects of train passenger load factor and passenger ticket purchase rules,the dynamic fare adjustment scheme is quantitatively and qualitatively given.Finally,the Wuhan-Guangzhou high-speed railway is selected as the empirical analysis object,the fare parameters are calibrated by analytic hierarchy process,the income changes caused by fare fluctuations are analyzed,and the feasibility of the pricing model and dynamic fare adjustment scheme is verified with the goal of increasing revenue under the premise that the passenger volume and existing capacity remain unchanged.