西塞罗基于自然和理性的道德责任观

Cicero's View of Moral Responsibility Based on Nature and Rationality

西塞罗传承和弘扬了斯多葛学派的伦理思想,以理性主义自然观作为讨论道德责任的基础,从人对德性之善的追求出发,推演出与不同德性相对应的各种道德责任:发现和发展真理的道德责任、公正和仁慈的道德责任、勇敢的道德责任和行为恰当的道德责任。西塞罗因人因时地讨论了不同境遇下个体的道德责任要求,并从道德责任的主体、道德责任的对象以及道德责任本身三方面提出了履行道德责任的基本原则。西塞罗的道德责任观对后人进一步深化研究道德责任产生了重要的影响。

Cicero inherited and carried forward the ethical thought of Stoic school,took the rational view of nature as the basis for discussing moral responsibility,and deduced the moral responsibility corresponding to different virtues from people's pursuit of Virtue:the moral responsibility of discovering and developing truth,the moral responsibility of justice and kindness,the moral responsibility of courage and the moral responsibility of appropriate behavior.Cicero discussed the requirements of individual moral responsibility under different circumstances,and put forward the basic principles of performing moral responsibility from three aspects:the subject of moral responsibility,the object of moral responsibility and moral responsibility itself.Cicero's view of moral responsibility has had an important impact on future generations to further deepen the study of moral responsibility.