利用基因编辑技术创制低谷蛋白水稻种质

Development of low-glutelin rice germplasm by gene editing technology

水稻(Oryza sativa L.)是重要的粮食作物,蛋白质是稻米的第二大营养物质。肾脏病人通常需要限制蛋白质的摄入量以减轻肾脏的负担和控制病情进展。稻米蛋白中谷蛋白含量最高,且易被人体消化。本研究以LGC-1作为供体亲本培育出的粳稻品种为转基因受体,利用CRISPR/Cas9介导的基因编辑技术一次性敲除谷蛋白A(Glutelin A,GluA)亚家族编码基因GluA1、GluA2和GluA3,获得了不含转基因元件的谷蛋白含量约为1.8%的低谷蛋白种质,并对所得种质的稻米品质和农艺性状进行了全面评估。所得低谷蛋白种质外观品质较好,相比于受体品种垩白度降低、糙米率和精米率提高。本研究为创制低谷蛋白水稻品种提供了一种高效、简便的方法,为培育适合肾病患者的功能性水稻品种提供了一种新的遗传材料。

Rice(Oryza sativa L.)is a crucial cereal crop worldwide,with protein being its second-most significant nutritional component.Patients with kidney diseases are required to limit their protein intake to alleviate the metabolic burden on their kidneys and control disease progression.In regular rice cultivars,glutelin is the predominant protein component and is easily digested by the human body.In this study,simultaneous mutations were introduced into Glutelin A1(GluA1),GluA2,and GluA3 using CRISPR/Cas9-mediated targeted mutagenesis in a japonica rice cultivar derived from Low Glutelin Content-1(LGC-1).Consequently,a low-glutelin rice germplasm with approximately 1.8%glutelin content,free from transgenic elements,was generated.The quality and agronomic traits of this germplasm were further comprehensively evaluated.The low-glutelin germplasms generated in this study exhibited significantly lower chalkiness degree compared to the recipient cultivar,while the brown rice rate and milled rice rate were significantly higher.This study presents a highly efficient and convenient method for generating rice germplasm with reduced glutelin content and offers new genetic materials for the cultivation of functional rice cultivars suitable for patients with kidney diseases.