国内外谷子资源农艺、品质性状差异分析以及遗传多样性研究

Analysis of agronomic,quality traits and genetic diversity of domestic and foreign foxtail millet resources

对新引进国外谷子资源的综合农艺性状、品质性状以及与国内地方品种的亲缘关系进行研究,为优异资源挖掘、利用提供数据参考。本研究以88份新引进谷子品种和152份国内地方品种为研究对象,对其开展田间农艺性状的调查,对收获后的种子进行品质测定,同时利用重测序获得的SNP标记开展亲缘关系分析。结果表明,数量性状在参试材料之间有显著的差异,遗传多样性丰富,遗传多样性指数H'≥2.00的性状有7个,数量性状综合评价排名前3的材料为来自山东省的半月硬(F=2.47)、来自英国的新引进种质Y-190(F=2.45)和来自山西省的大白谷I(F=2.38);质量性状差异不显著,遗传多样性指数H¢介于0.38~1.37之间;相关性分析显示除穗粗与千粒重呈现不显著负相关外,其余数量性状之间均呈现不同程度的正相关。品质测定结果显示各性状基本符合正态分布且在不同品种间存在差异,品质性状的遗传多样性指数H'介于1.65~2.05,粗蛋白和粗脂肪的遗传多样性最丰富(H'≥2.00);相关性分析显示,粗蛋白含量与粗脂肪含量、粗脂肪含量与粗纤维含量均呈现不显著负相关;淀粉含量与粗纤维含量、L*与b*均呈现显著的正相关。基于表型性状将参试材料划分为4类,且每个类群均存在表型特异性;基于SNP的进化树和群体结构分析表明不同品种间存在多样的亲缘关系,部分新引进种质与国内地方品种间存在较近的亲缘关系,不同材料间的具体的亲缘关系还需进一步研究。通过本研究对近几年新引进的国外资源的农艺性状、品质性状以及与国内资源的异同进行了全面的评价,为后续优异资源的利用、推广奠定了基础。

The present study aimed to investigate the comprehensive agronomic and quality traits of newly introduced foreign foxtail millet resources and their compatibility with domestic local varieties.The data obtained will serve as a reference for the identification and utilization of outstanding resources.In this research,a total of 88 newly introduced foxtail millet varieties and 152 domestic local varieties were selected for evaluation.Field assessments were conducted to examine agronomic traits,while quality analysis of harvested seeds was performed alongside kinship analysis using SNP markers derived from resequencing.The findings revealed significant differences in quantitative traits among the evaluated materials,indicating a rich genetic diversity.Seven traits exhibited a genetic diversity index(H')of≥2.00.The top three materials,based on the comprehensive evaluation of quantitative traits,were Banyueying from Shandong province(F=2.47),newly introduced germplasm Y-190 from the United Kingdom(F=2.45),and Dabaigu I from Shanxi province(F=2.38).In contrast,the differences in quality traits were not significant,with a genetic diversity index(H')ranging from 0.38 to 1.37.Correlation analysis demonstrated positive associations between most quantitative traits,except for spike thickness and thousand grain weight,which exhibited a non-significant negative correlation.The quality measurement results indicated that each trait followed a normal distribution and varied among different varieties.The genetic diversity index(H')of quality traits ranged from 1.65 to 2.05,with protein and fat exhibiting the highest genetic diversity(H'≥2.00).Correlation analysis revealed a non-significant negative correlation between protein content and fat content,as well as between fat content and fiber content.Significant positive correlations were observed between starch content and fiber content,as well as L*and b*values.Based on phenotypic traits,the participating materials were classified into four groups,each showing distinct phenotypic characteristics.Furthermore,the SNP-based evolutionary tree and group structure analysis indicated various kinship relationships among different varieties.Notably,some newly introduced germplasms exhibited closer kinship ties with domestic local varieties.However,further research is required to elucidate the specific kinship relationships among different materials.This comprehensive evaluation of recently introduced foreign foxtail millet resources encompassed agronomic traits,quality traits,and their similarities and differences with domestic resources.The findings provide a foundation for the subsequent utilization and promotion of exceptional resources.