批判、实证与解释:数字劳动异化研究审思

Critical,Empirical and Explanatory Research Methods:A Methodological Debate on the Study of Digital Labor Alienation

异化理论有着漫长而多样的思想史和哲学史,但也带来异化概念模糊及理论使用泛化的问题。基于不同的本体论和认识论立场,数字劳动异化研究形成了“批判性、实证主义以及解释主义”的方法论。马克思的四重异化、福克斯的九种异化形式以及当代西方左翼的数字劳动批判是异化批判范式的主要框架,但都缺少现象学的描述以及主观经验的考察。而以社会心理学为代表的实证主义范式虽然探讨了个体层面的异化心理体验,却以相对浅显的理解取代了对异化的批判性探索。解释主义范式拓展了对于异化的传统理解,成为批判范式和实证范式很好的补充,但相较于前两者,其应用并不广泛。上述方法论对数字劳动异化问题有各自的理论解释力及缺失。

The theory of alienation has a long and diverse intellectual and philosophical history.It,however,also brings about issues of ambiguity in the concept of alienation and the generalization of its theoretical application.Based on different ontological and epistemological stances,the study of digital labor alienation has formed a methodology that includes“critical,positivist,and interpretivist”approaches.The main frameworks of the alienation critique paradigm include Marx’s quadruple alienation,Fuchs’nine forms of alienation,and the digital labor critique of contemporary Western leftists,but they lack phenomenological descriptions and examinations of subjective experiences.The positivist paradigm,represented by social psychology,explores the psychological experiences of alienation at the individual level but replaces the critical exploration of alienation with a relatively superficial understanding.The interpretivist paradigm expands the traditional understanding of alienation,serving as a good supplement to the critical and positivist paradigms,although its application is not as widespread as the former two.These methodologies each have their own theoretical explanatory power and shortcomings in addressing the issue of digital labor alienation.