视网膜血管特征与冠心病相关性研究现状及展望

Current status and prospect of the correlation between retinal vascular characteristics and coronary heart disease

冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病是一种高发病率、高死亡率的心血管疾病,早期准确预测对延缓疾病进展、降低病死率具有重要的临床意义.视网膜血管作为人体唯一可直接、无创观察的微小血管,与冠状动脉具有相似的解剖结构和生理特点,在共同基因表型和环境影响下均会发生动脉粥样硬化,为视网膜血管和冠状动脉疾病的共病研究提供了潜在可能.眼底视网膜血管作为良好的观测窗口,借助眼底血管特征预测冠心病一直是研究的焦点.眼底影像和人工智能的深度融合可为冠心病评估提供客观的视网膜血管量化特征,具有重要的临床价值.本文全面回顾了视网膜血管特征与冠心病的相关性研究现状,并分析了该研究领域的最新挑战和前景.

Coronary atherosclerotic heart disease(CAD)is a cardiovascular disease with high morbidity and mortality.Early and accurate prediction is clinically important to prevent the disease progression and reduce the mortality rate.As the only microvessel that can be directly and non-invasively observed in the human body,the retinal vasculature has similar anatomical structure and physiological characteristics with coronary artery.Atherosclerosis occurs under the influence of common genetic phenotypes and environmental influences,which provides a potential co-morbidity study between the retinal vasculature and the coronary artery diseases.As a good window to observe the retinal vasculature,predicting CAD by using fundus vascular features has been the focus of research.The in-depth integration of fundus imaging and artificial intelligence can provide objective quantitative retinal vascular characteristics for the assessment of CAD,which is of great clinical value.We comprehensively reviewed the current status of research on the correlation between retinal vascular characteristics and CAD,and analyze the latest challenges and prospects in this research area.