技术—经济范式赶超机遇与中国国家创新体系建设转型:概念框架、日本经验与启示

The Beyond-Catch-up Opportunity of Techno-Economic Paradigm and the Transformation of China’s National Innovation System Construction:Conceptual Framework,Japanese Experience and Enlightenments

[目的/意义]本文从技术—经济范式理论视角把握后发经济体摆脱“追赶—落后—追赶”路径依赖,实现赶超与国家创新体系建设转型的关系,为中国在新发展阶段有效抓住新一轮技术—经济范式变革机遇、提升国家创新体系效能提供依据和思路。[方法/过程]首先,构建技术—经济范式赶超与国家创新体系建设的概念框架;然后,分析日本促进技术—经济范式超越追赶的国家创新体系建设取向;最后,辨析当前中国与日本实现技术—经济范式赶超面临的情境异同,指出中国国家创新体系建设转型的方向。[结果/结论]“导入期”和“转折期”是后发经济体实现技术—经济范式超越追赶中的关键进程,需要国家创新体系给予有效的制度、组织及资源支持。日本经验对中国国家创新体系转型有4点启示:兼顾范式追赶和范式引领两个有着本质性差异的目标,重视但不拘泥于突破核心关键技术,重点围绕潜在优势产业布局及一体化政策配套转型,以及着重思考如何借助海外投资提升中国企业的国际竞争能级。

[Purpose/Significance]Taking techno-economic paradigms as the theoretical perspective to look into the relations between latecomers’getting rid of the path dependence of catch-up and National System of Innovation(NSI),it provides China with the theoretical basis and implementation suggestions on improving the effectiveness of NSI to successfully seize the opportunity of techno-economic paradigm shift.[Method/Process]Firstly,it constructs a conceptual framework of techno-economic paradigms and NSI,Then it analyzes Japan’s orientation of national innovation system construction,in promoting the construction of NSI that advances the techno-economic paradigms beyond catch-up.Lastly,it analyzes the similarities and differences in the current China and Japan in realizing techno-economic paradigms catching up,and points out four directions of China’s NSI construction transformation.[Result/Conclusion]“Introduction”and“Transition”phases are critical for late-developed economies to surpass existing techno-economic paradigms,which necessitate robust institutional,organizational,and resource support from the NSI.There are four enlightened aspectsfor China,including taking both aims of catching-up and surpassing into account,paying huge attention to the key technologies but not necessarily sticking to,picking out future technologies and carrying out integrated policies,considering“how to enhance the international competitive level of Chinese enterprises with the help of overseas investment”.