从自我到他者:新世纪旅美华人游记中的主体文化身份

From Self to the Other:the Subject's Cultural Identity in the Travelogue by the Chinese Travelers to America in the New Century

在新世纪旅美华人游记中,主体文化身份的确认主要包括三种形态,即文化认证,文化转移及文化再认证。其中,文化认证主要指本土文化认证,是个体对于本民族社会与文化中各形态人造物的认知与认同,包括自我本土认证和先在他者认证。文化转移主要涉及异域文化,是对异域文化的反思、判断与评估,包括文化表层转移、文化中层转移和文化内层转移。文化再认证指的是漫游者接触异域文化后,通过比较异域文化与本土文化而对自身文化做出的确认。再认证既有对本土文化视野下他者文化的再确认,又有对本土文化自身的再确认。

In the travelogue by Chinese travelers to America,the subject's cultural identity is determined to mainly include three kinds,cultural certification,cultural transfer and cultural re-certification,in which cultural certification mainly refers to native cultural certification as the individual's cognition of and identification with human creations of various forms in their own ethnic society and culture,including native self identification and certification by the pre-existing Other;cultural transfer involves exotic culture as it is a reflection on,judgment and assessment of the exotic culture,including transfer on the cultural surface,at the middle and inner level of culture;and cultural re-certification refers to the certification of one's own culture made as a result of comparing the exotic culture with one's native culture after the wanderer has got in touch with the exotic culture.Re-certification is one that recertifies both the Other's culture in the perspective of one's own culture and one's own native culture.