乌程汉简所见汉代经济发展

The Economic Development of Han Dynasty Seen from Wucheng(乌程)Han Bamboo Slips

乌程汉简记录了汉代经济的发展情况,具有重要的史料价值。汉简对鲐鱼收税的记载,反映了汉代所开展的海上捕鱼活动的情况,其时已形成了“捕—运—销—税”的渔业“产业链”。汉简有关布与绸的记载反映了乌程县向汉廷进行供奉的史实,说明了江南纺织业的发展已达到较高水平。布指越布,绸指锦帛类丝织品,相关记载为江南纺织业研究提供了新资料。乌程汉简中存在两种不同的米价且价格相差悬殊,高米价的产生可能与自然灾害或瘟疫等突发事件有关。乌程汉简关于“换钱”的记载,是百姓向官府借贷的证据,也是目前所见有关该类借贷的最早记录。乌程汉简还记录了新莽时期铢权和两权的比值,相关简文反映了“箕”在乌程地区起着度量衡的作用,这些记载在一定程度上填补了汉代经济史研究资料的某些空白。

Wucheng(乌程)Han Bamboo Slips records the economic development of the Han Dynasty,which is of great value of historical materials.The records of mackerel taxes reflect the existence of sea fishing activities carried out in the Han Dynasty,when the fishery“industry chain”of“catching-transportation-sale-tax”was formed.The record of cloth and silk on the Han bamboo slips reflects the historical fact that Wucheng County made offerings to Han Court,indicating that the development of textile industry in Jiangnan has reached a higher level.The cloth refers to Yue(越)cloth and silk refers to brocade silk,and the relevant records provide new materials for the study of Jiangnan textile industry.There are two different rice prices in Wucheng Han Bamboo Slips,and the prices are very different.The high price of rice may be related to natural disasters or plague and other emergencies.The record of“exchanging money”in Wucheng Bamboo Han Slips is the evidence of people borrowing money from the government,and it is also the earliest record of such borrowing seen at present.Wucheng Han Bamboo Slips also recorded the ratio of Zhuquan(铢权)and Liangquan(两权)in the period of new dynasty of Wangmang(王莽),and the relevant text on the Slips reflects that“Ji”(箕)played the role of weights and measures in the Wucheng area,which to some extent fills in some gaps in the research data of economic history of the Han Dynasty.