梁漱溟文化论的社会伦理关怀和世界文明视野

Liang Shuming's Cultural Theory:Its Social Ethical Concern and World Civilization Perspective

梁漱溟一生念兹在兹的是中国的未来与整个人类的前途和命运。他的文化论以人身论、人心论为前提,以人生论、道德论和文明论为归宿,具有鲜明的社会伦理关怀。他所关注的伦理不是道德原则或行为规范层面的“小伦理”,而是人心、人性层面的“大伦理”,即他所理解的“理性”或“人情”。要增进不同国家和文明体之间的相互理解,促成人类的和平相处,最终实现“四海一家”“天下文明”的理想,关键是要基于世界文明的视野,让人类“明心见性”,认识到可普遍化的“大伦理”之于文化的根本意义,进而唤醒人类在文化上的觉悟,提高人类的生命境界。梁漱溟的文化论对于深入推进“第二个结合”,对于建设中华民族现代文明,建构人类命运共同体,无疑具有重要的借鉴意义。

Liang Shuming's lifelong focus was on the future of China and the future and destiny of human beings as a whole.With a distinct social ethical concern,his cultural theory is based on the premise of theory of human body-heart,with civilization theory,human life theory and morality theory as its ultimate destination.The ethics he is concerned about is not the“small ethics”at the level of moral principles or behavioral norms,but the“big ethics”at the level of human heart and human nature,which he understands as“reason”or“reasonableness”.To enhance mutual understanding among different countries and civilizations,promote peaceful coexistence of human beings,and ultimately achieve the ideal of“all people are of one family in Tianxia”and“of one civilization in Tianxia”,the key is to make human beings have“clear mindedness and insight”from the perspective of world civilization,recognize the fundamental significance of universalized ethics to culture.Liang Shuming's cultural theory undoubtedly implies important insights for promoting the“second combination”,building modern civilization of the Chinese nation,as well as constructing a community with a shared future for mankind.