“风骨”:刘勰品评先唐文体的重要标准

“Feng Gu”:An Important Criterion for Liu Xie's Evaluation of the Literary Style of the Pre-Tang Dynasty

“风骨”是刘勰品评先唐文体的重要标准,从《风骨》篇可以逆推刘勰“擘肌分理”的剖析过程。刘勰认为,“风骨”首先是符合儒家文艺观的理论范畴,其中“风”指文章情思明晰所具有的感染力,“骨”指各类文体要求的文章语言规范。刘勰在对先唐文体的释读中提炼出“风骨”,继而将其作为品评先唐诸文体的重要标准。具体来说,在文体论部分,刘勰通过“原始以表末”“释名以章义”的环节分析不同文体之“风骨”,并在介绍各体文章的撰写方法时将该文体的“风骨”特质融入其中,继而作为自己论文的品评标准,对各体文章“选文以定篇”“敷理以举统”。“风骨”是贯穿于《文心雕龙》文体论的共通性追求与规范,基于不同文体的“势”“理”之差异,其“风骨”的具体标准也有所不同。“风骨”体现了刘勰强烈的文章辨体意识,是刘勰尝试辨明先唐诸文体的有益理论实践。

“Feng Gu”(风骨)is an important criterion for evaluating pre Tang literary styles summarized by Liu Xie(刘勰).The analysis process of Liu Xie's“Breaking Muscles and Separating Principles”(擘肌分理)can be inferred from The Literary Mind and the Carving of Dragons:Feng gu(《文心雕龙·风骨》).It can be seen that“Feng Gu”first conforms to the theoretical category of Confucian literary and artistic views,where“Feng”refers to the infectious power of clear emotions and thoughts in the article,and“Gu”refers to the language norms required by various literary styles.Liu Xie extracted“Feng Gu”from his interpretation of pre Tang literary styles,and then used“Feng Gu”as the standard for evaluating different pre-Tang literary styles.In the stylistics,Liu Xie analyzed“Feng Gu”through“investigating the origin and explaining the evolution”and“interpreting the definition to illustrate the meaning”.When Liu Xie introduced the writing method of each style,he integrated the“Feng Gu”characteristics of the style into it.Then he took“Feng Gu”as the standard to“select the representative articles for evaluation”and“stated the article principle to explain the requirements”.“Feng Gu”is a common standard that runs through the stylistics of The Literary Mind and the Carving of Dragons.Based on the differences in“Shi”(势)and“Li”(理)in different literary styles,the standards for“Feng Gu”also vary.“Feng Gu”reflects Liu Xie's strong consciousness of article discrimination,which is the beneficial theoretical practice of Liu Xie's attempt to distinguish the various styles of the pre-Tang literary.